自我发展

This dissertation consists of the following eight chapters: the first chapter is the guiding part of the thesis, which introduces the study background of this dissertation, and expounds the theoretical and practical significance of HeHe Management, writing framework and research method; the second chapter is the literature summarizing part, which expounds some important concepts related to HeHe Management including"ren wei"(self-cultivation),"wei ren","ren wei wei ren"(considerateness-oriented) and"HeHe", and summarizes the related literature; the third chapter systematically constructs the theoretical foundation of HeHe Management, and explores the support of HeHe Mangement in terms of philosophy, culturology and management; the fourth chapter analyses the relation among"ren wei"(self-cultivation),"ji shen he he" and self-management, and expounds the functional mechanism in psychology, main content and realizing approaches of self -management; the fifth chapter analyses the relation among"wei ren","qun ji he he" and"guanxi"management, and expounds the functional mechanism, main content and realizing approaches of"guanxi"management; the sixth chapter analyses the inherent relation among"ren wei wei ren"(considerateness-oriented),"zu zhi he he" and HeHe Management, expounds the theory of HeHe Management and its mode under the perspective of"ren wei wei ren"(considerateness -oriented) of Eastern Management, and discusses the value viewpoint of HeHe and the construction of corporation HeHe culture; the seventh chapter expounds the applying target, applying means and applying space of HeHe Management, and explores the practices of HeHe Management in corporational organizations by the way of case study from multi-layers and multi-angles; the eighth chapter expounds the new development of contemporary managerial practices and theories, explores the new tendency of contemporary management development, i.e.

本文共分八章：第一章是论文的导论部分，介绍本文的研究背景，阐述和合管理的理论与实践意义、写作框架和研究方法；第二章是文献综述部分，阐述包括"人为"、"为人"、"人为为人"与"和合"在内的与和合管理有关的重要概念，对相关文献进行综述；第三章系统构建和合管理的理论基础，探寻和合管理在哲学、文化学、管理学方面的支撑点；第四章分析"人为"、"己身和合"与自我管理的关系，阐述自我管理在心理学上的运行机制、主要内容及其实现途径；第五章分析"为人"、"群己和合"与关系管理的关系，阐述关系管理的运行机理、主要内容及其实现；第六章分析"人为为人"、"组织和合"与"和合管理"的内在关系，阐述东方管理"人为"观下的和合管理理论及其模式，探讨和合价值观及企业和合文化建设；第七章阐述和合管理的应用目标、应用方式及应用空间，通过案例研究的方式多层面、多角度探讨和合管理在企业组织中的实践；第八章阐述当代管理实践与管理理论的新发展，探讨当代管理学理论发展的新趋势——东西方管理的融合与发展，认为和合管理是管理理论发展到哲学阶段的产物，是企业管理的新发展。

The paper analyze it from these aspects: Firstly, in the communism, when the survival necessity and feast necessity are satisfied enough, the self-fulfillment necessity will become the most important necessity in people's life. The freedom labour is in the course of self-fulfilling. Secondly, the"truth""good"are united in the labour , which make it possess the nature of beauty. Thirdly, in the game, people disremember the outside bondage and enjoy the happiness and freedom. Compared with the game, the freedom labour has many same characters and is more fascinating. Finally, the labour and the people's development have many affinities: In primeval, the autonomic labour was corresponded with the people's"primordial enrichment". In private owned society, alienation labour was corresponed with the people's macrocephalic development. In the communism, the freedom labour will corresponded with the all-powerful development. The development of human history incline to the trend that history makes everyone develop all-powerfully, the freedom labor will be the final choice.

真正自由劳动所具有的特质，将使其成为人们生活的第一需要：(1)从需求的层次性看，在未来社会，当生存的需要和享受的需要得到满足之后，自我实现的需要将成为人们生活中最重要的需求，而真正自由的劳动就是自我实现的过程；(2)真正自由的劳动在于真、善在劳动中的统一，使得劳动具有美的性质；(3)在游戏中，人们忘却了外在的束缚，得到快乐和自由的体验；较之游戏，真正自由劳动具有诸多相同的性质，将更加引人入胜；(4)劳动和人的发展有着密切的关系：原始时代的自主劳动对应着人的发展的"原始的丰富"；私有制时期，劳动的异化对应着人的发展的畸形、片面；到了共产主义社会，自由劳动将对应着人的自由全面发展。

Firstly, it examine (1) the foundation of Erikson's self-identity concept and theory, and (2) the establishment of the operational definition of self-identity and the theory on self-identity statuses, and (3) the development of Neo-Eriksonian self-identity concept and theory by the developmental phases of Eriksonian self-identity concept and theory.

首先，按Erikson定向的自我同一性概念和理论的发展阶段考察了(1)Erikson自我同一性概念与理论的奠基；(2)自我同一性操作定义及自我同一性状态理论的确立；(3)新Erikson定向的自我同一性概念与理论的发展。

Positive self conscious emotion cognition develops fast from grade 2 to grade 4. Passive self conscious emotion cognition develops slower than the positive one.5 Primary school children"s knowledge about the reason of emotion and knowledge about behaviors of emotion develop fast with the age increased at primary school period.6 Pupils" emotion cognition to the emotion expresser is better than that to the emotion recipient apparently.

积极自我意识情绪认知在2～4年级间有明显发展，发生了"能与不能"质的转变；消极自我意识情绪的认知发展慢于积极自我意识情绪的认知。5 对情绪原因和情绪行为的认知在年级间差异显著，说明其在小学阶段有明显发展。6 对情绪表现者的情绪认知明显好于对情绪接受者的情绪认知。

Through correlative analysis and path analysis, it finds that (1) the family environment and the colleges and universities environment have direct and indirect influence on self-identity development of students; and (2) the family environment and the colleges and universities environment exert the major effect on self-identity development of students through identity style as mediational variable, so identity style becomes the explanatory base of self-identity status. That is, the predictive effect of diffuse/avoidant identity style for identity diffusion, normative identity style for identity foreclosure, and information identity style for identity achievement respectively is most significant; and (3) family environment that is helpful, supportive, warm, expressive, and promote autonomy and independence possibly makes students form identity achievement or identity moratorium, family environment that is excessively cohesive and warm but lacking independence possibly promote students to form identity foreclosure, and family environment that lacks of supportive and warm possibly make students form identity diffusion; and (4) colleges and universities environments that have better relationship system, clear developmental purpose, and promote to pay attention to societal concerns, critical and explorative qualities, and provide healthy, expressive, democratic, open atmosphere facilitate identity development, in turn form advanced identity. Colleges and universities environments that only emphasize the receival of colleges and universities aims, order and instilments, and scarcely encourage critique, exploration, individuation possibly make students form identity foreclosure. However, the ones that is remote relationship system, and lacking support, and students don't cognize the aim of colleges and universities possibly make students form identity diffusion.

通过相关分析、路径分析发现：(1)家庭环境和学校环境对大学生自我同一性有直接和间接的影响；(2)家庭环境、学校环境对大学生自我同一性影响主要以同一性加工方式为中介变量，同一性加工方式成为自我同一性状态的解释基础，弥散—回避定向同一性风格对弥散型同一性预测力最大，信息定向同一性风格对成就型和延缓型同一性预测力最大，常规定向同一性风格对排他型同一性预测力最大；(3)相互支持、帮助、关心、自由表达和鼓励自主和独立的家庭环境促进大学生同一性的发展，形成成就型或延缓型同一性状态，过度亲密而缺乏独立性特征的家庭环境可能形成排他型同一性状态，而缺乏支持性，关系疏远的家庭环境可能形成弥散同一性状态；(4)良好的关系系统，明确的发展目标，鼓励学生对社会事务关注、倡导批判和探索精神，塑造良好、健康、可供自由表达、民主、开放的文化氛围的大学校园环境促进大学生同一性发展，形成高级、成熟的自我同一性，而一味强调学校目标的接受，强调秩序、灌输，缺乏对批判、探索、个性发展鼓励的学校环境有可能使学生形成排他型同一性状态，但若学校的关系系统疏远，缺乏支持性的民主的风格，目标不能被学生明确感知的学校环境则可能影响学生形成弥散型同一性。

The paper analyze it from these aspects: Firstly, in the communism, when the survival necessity and feast necessity are satisfied enough, the self-fulfillment necessity will become the most important necessity in people's life. The freedom labour is in the course of self-fulfilling. Secondly, the"truth""good"are united in the labour , which make it possess the nature of beauty. Thirdly, in the game, people disremember the outside bondage and enjoy the happiness and freedom. Compared with the game, the freedom labour has many same characters and is more fascinating. Finally, the labour and the people's development have many affinities: In primeval, the autonomic labour was corresponded with the people's"primordial enrichment". In private owned society, alienation labour was corresponed with the people's macrocephalic development. In the communism, the freedom labour will corresponded with the all-powerful development. The development of human history incline to the trend that history makes everyone develop all-powerfully, the freedom labor will be the final choice.

真正自由劳动所具有的特质，将使其成为人们生活的第一需要：(1)从需求的层次性看，在未来社会，当生存的需要和享受的需要得到满足之后，自我实现的需要将成为人们生活中最重要的需求，而真正自由的劳动就是自我实现的过程；(2)真正自由的劳动在于真、善在劳动中的统一，使得劳动具有美的性质；(3)在游戏中，人们忘却了外在的束缚，得到快乐和自由的体验；较之游戏，真正自由劳动具有诸多相同的性质，将更加引人入胜；(4)劳动和人的发展有着密切的关系：原始时代的自主劳动对应着人的发展的&原始的丰富&；私有制时期，劳动的异化对应着人的发展的畸形、片面；到了共产主义社会，自由劳动将对应着人的自由全面发展。

In this dissertation, the studies on teacher professional development in western countries were schematized and a concise description of research history was given, which would be the basis for understanding the research background and assimilating the existing research results. A new teacher development phase dividing criterion, professional self-development consciousness, was suggested and a new analyzing framework, i. e. self-renewal approach to professional development, was raised. These formulations would make for better understanding of the teacher's active role in professional development, strengthen teacher's professional self-development consciousness and advance the development. At present, great efforts is being made to increase the teachers' qualities. The self-renewal approach, as a new professional development conception, would demonstrate its significance in practice.

本文对国外教师专业发展的研究作了系统梳理，比较清晰地描述了研究轨迹，为进一步了解有关研究背景、吸收借鉴国外研究结果奠定了一定基础：提出了教师专业发展阶段划分的新标准——自我专业发展意识和教师专业发展新的分析框架——&自我更新&取向教师专业发展，这将有助于深化理解教师本人在教师专业发展的积极作用，并强化教师的自我专业发展意识，促进教师专业发展；在我国目前正大力提高教师素质的今天，&自我更新&取向教师专业发展作为一种新的专业发展理念，也有着重要的现实意义。

The thesis think Tie Ning female identity experience poem ego, female ego, reasonableness ego of continuously mature development process,Tie Ning molded to take"fragrant snow" as to represent by poem of beautiful and artistic young girls, remeding the defent of female narration. After mid–80s, Tie Ning with mightiness of the female consciousness carried out to cross and surmount of the female's rightness by the female's review of ugly and appreciate beauty by duble variation. Which is the make–up of what Zhang Jie and Zhang Xin Xins novels neglect to female's essence life, It is also the watchful to Lin Bai and Chen Rans which excessively sinked in a female. In the new century, Tie Ning's stupid flower embody the tendency of the female return to the spirit of new time and great words, Indicate new century female literature is a important change of appreciate attitude.

论文认为，铁凝女性身份的认同经历了诗性自我、女性自我、理性自我的不断成熟的发展过程：铁凝以诗性自我塑造了以&香雪&为代表的美仑美奂的少女群像，弥补了新时期初期深陷男权文化中心的女性写作的匮乏；80年代中期以后，铁凝以强烈的女性自我意识在审丑与审美的双重变奏中实现了对女性自我的超越，既是对张洁、张辛欣们忽视女性本体生命欲求的弥补，也是对林白、陈染们过度陷于女性偏执的警醒；在新世纪，铁凝的《笨花》体现了女性意识叛逆后回归新的时代精神和宏大话语的趋向，预示了新世纪女性文学审美态度上的重大转变。

Part One A Comprehensive Study Chapter One Self-comparison, Self-description and Selfnarration: Self-expression of Fiction——Fiction Creative Motivations of The Men of Letters from the Perspective of Creative Characteristics. A Dream of Red Mansions is a story of a stone itself, Du Shaoqing in The Scholars is a self-decription of Wu Jingzi, Wen Ruyu in An Immortal's Roam in the Green Fields, Li Baichuan. To a great extent, the heroes in these novels reflect the experiences and thoughts of the authors. Although there exist many differences between the novels, but self-description and self-expression are their common characteristics, they include and indicate the particular personal experiences of the creative subject play a decisive role in creation in the development Chinese fiction, and the most direct creative motivation for the scholars in the Qianlong period.

上编 综论第一章&自譬&&自况&&自寓&：长篇小说的自我抒解性——从创作特征看乾隆时期文人长篇小说的创作动因《红楼梦》是&自譬石头所记之事&，《儒林外史》中杜少卿为吴敬梓&自况&，《野叟曝言》中文素臣之于夏敬渠，《绿野仙踪》的冷于冰、温如玉之于李百川，都有相当程度的&自寓&性，这几部小说尽管在诸多方面相差甚远，但在自我影写、自我抒解的&自况&特征上有着共同性，这正是小说发展到清代中期，文人独立创作长篇小说最具有时代性的特征，它包含和指向的是中国长篇小说发展进程中创作主体的人生特殊性对小说创作之决定性意义的问题，包含着乾隆时期文人长篇小说最直接的创作动因。

Considering the dynamic process of the development of self-awareness, the self was on the different stage to Chinese and western cultures: In western psychology, self is actually "self-only" which is considered as the core of spiritual development; while in Chinese Humanistic Psychology, self is equal to "no-self" by arguing that over-emphasizing self will block Individual-developing and self-transcendence is the highest realm of psychological development.

认为从自我意识发展的动态过程来看，中西方自我处于不同的发展阶段：西方心理学将自我视为精神发展的核心，是&惟我&的；中国人文主义心理学则认为执着于自我将阻碍个体发展，心理发展的最高境界是对自我的超越，因而是&无我&的。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。