自主的

On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the research results from the domestic and international scholars, the author defines enterprise's technological innovation ability in terms of course, analyzes the influence factors of industry technological innovation ability and studies the innovation index system, combining industry characteristic give the innovation index system of the evaluation on manufacturing of China's aerospace independence innovation.

本文在对国内外学者的研究成果进行分析与总结的基础上，从过程的角度对自主创新能力进行了界定，分析影响产业自主创新能力的因素，探讨产业自主创新能力评价指标体系的构成，并结合行业特点，提出了中国航天器制造业自主创新能力评价指标体系。

Based on the analysis on background of self-innovation"s being put forward,self-innovation is redefined and classified. Self-innovation"s characteristic is pointedout, which is high risk, high investment, long period, high return,government-correlation and endogenesis.

基于对自主创新提出背景的分析，对自主创新进行了重新定义，依据不同的标准对自主创新进行了分类，指出自主创新的特点是以企业为主体、高风险、高投入、长周期、高回报、政府支持性、内生性。

The Guidant-independent Teaching Model of High School Biology sticks to the principle of student-oriented so as to build the classroom atmosphere of democratic, fair, free and open, active the effective teaching interaction and enable students to participate actively in classroom teaching and develop the activeness and independence of students. The Guidant-independent Teaching Model adheres to the rule of students-centered. It proposes teaching-after-self-learning, teaching-follow-self-learning, teaching-promote-self-learning and enables students to learn by themselves at first through reading, self-thinking, questioning, group-discussion and forum.Thus, the independence and imitativeness of students will be achieved.We also lay emphasis on the development of the abilities of self-study and co-operative study so as to get the teaching goal of "learn how to learn" and promote the development of the independence of students.

引导自主式高中生物课堂教学模式坚持以学生为主体，通过营造民主平等、自由开放的课堂教学氛围，实现有效的教学交往和互动，让学生主动参与到课堂教学中来，以发挥学生主体的积极性、主动性；引导自主式高中生物课堂教学模式坚持以学生为中心，主张先学后教、以学定教、以教促学，通过阅读、独立思考、质疑、小组讨论和集中交流等环节让学生自主先学，以充分发挥学生主体的能动性、创造性，培养学生自主学习和合作学习等能力，从而实现学会学习的教学目标和促进学生主体性的发展。

In the learning process should be stressed that the role of individual students, self-chosen, independent thinking, self-question, self-understanding and creativity to solve the problem, this is not only to develop the habit of learning problems and mental quality of a person involved in the training.

在学习过程中应该强调学生个体的作用，自主选择、自主思考、自主提问、自主领悟，创造性地解决问题，这不仅是学习习惯的养成问题，也涉及一个人精神品质的培养。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

This thesis firstly analyzed related theories on independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises; secondly described the status quo and developing trend of independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises in China; thirdly determined objectives and characteristics of independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, put forward three ways for independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, they are direct way of wholly independent innovation, outflanking ways based on cooperation innovation and imitation innovation; fourthly made "structure-function" analysis for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, clarify system operation mechanism; finally this thesis used the theory and method of System Dynamics modeling for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises.

论文首先对民营科技企业自主创新系统相关理论进行研究；接着描述了我国民营科技企业自主创新现状与发展趋势；然后确定了民营科技企业自主创新系统的目标、特点，将民营科技企业自主创新的实现途径分为完全自主创新的直接途径和基于合作创新和模仿创新的迂回途径；并对民营科技企业自主创新系统行&结构-功能&分析，阐明民营科技企业自主创新系统的运行机理；最后应用系统动力学的理论和方法对民营科技企业自主创新系统进行建模。

This thesis bases on status and research of China local brands, through creating choose module base on economy evaluate of innovation mode, disuses the innovation of China local brands.

本文在对我国轿车业自主品牌现状及原因研究基础之上，通过构建基于创新模式经济评价的选择模型，探讨了我国自主品牌企业创新，最后对国内自主品牌的&领头羊&奇瑞汽车进行案例研究，对自主品牌汽车企业的未来发展具有重要的指导意义。

So it is very urgent to set up a useful teaching-model of self-regulated learningThere are two-aspect meanings about the studies:1 to set up the physics teaching-model of self-regulated learning in senior middle-school can promote the research of theory and practice in self-regulated learning, enrich the study content of self-regulated learning and provide a choice for the reform of physics class-teaching method.2 to put the model into practice can raise the students ability of self-regulated learning.

本研究的意义在于： 1结合高中物理教学实际、高中生的心理特点，建立有效的高中物理&自主学习&课堂教学模式，可促进自主学习理论与实践的结合； 2通过对自主学习过程各种因素、各个方面相互关系与协调发展的系统研究，将在一定程度丰富自主学习的研究内容，推动自主学习理论与实践的发展； 3&自主学习&课堂教学模式的实施，将增强学生学习的自主程度，提高自主学习能力，促进学生物理学习方式的转变；并为推进素质教育，改革传统物理课堂教学提供了一条新的途径和选择。

Active nutritional support intervention group, patients carrying out their own eating, their families monitor their eating at the same time, medical staff actively involved in making meticulous guidance and monitor their eating, if necessary, be supplemented by parenteral nutrition; self-feeding group, patients in their own eating, and has asked the families to monitor their eating.

积极营养支持干预组，患者在进行自主进食，家属监督其进食的同时，医务人员积极参与进行精心指导并监督其进食，必要时通过肠外营养进行补充；自主进食组，患者进行自主进食，并嘱家属监督其进食。

The enterprises shall play major role in absorbing the imported technology and self-creating new technical innovations with good combinations of the efforts from the manufacturers, educational and research institutes and governmental organizations to improve the ability of self-development and self-innovation so as to master and possess more self-reliance intellectual property rights and trade names with advanced technologies in the key fields.

以企业为主体，&产、学、研、官&相结合，加大消化吸收和自主创新，培育自主开发和创新能力，在关键领域掌握并拥有更多的自主知识产权和自主品牌。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。