自下而上

Firstly, based on the characteristics of Vision-Based Remote Brainless SoccerRobot System, a kind of centralized-distributed soccer robot decision-making controlstructure is put forward by a high level decision module processing centralizeddecision-making and robot agent can respond to the environment under high-leveldecision module coaching, while acting autonomously. Secondly, the differential drive mobile robot kinematics model is set up and amotion control algorithm is developed, which allows a general differential-drivenmobile robot to accurately reach a target point with a desired orientation in anenvironment with multiple moving obstacles.

本文首先针对基于全局视觉的足球机器人系统的特点，综合人工智能自上而下和自下而上两种研究方法，提出了一种混合式足球机器人决策结构，即通过一个全局性高层决策模块来决定机器人团队当前队形、战术以及智能体与角色间的映射关系，然后将高层决策结果通知各个队员智能体；队员智能体根据高层决策模块的指示及自己的知识进行反应式的思考和行动。

The first one is the same as with the previous bottom up approach - people have to do the work to annotate the pages.

第一次是一样的，与前自下而上的方法-人必须做的工作，以注释的页面。

Through high-pressure water pump and special nozzle to spray water at high speed from up to down to atomize water to form fan-shaped "silver screen", the movie is displayed on the atomized screen.

水幕电影是通过高压水泵和特制的喷头将水自下而上高速喷出，使水雾化，形成扇形的"银幕"，影片就是在雾化后的银幕上呈像的。

Pointing to the feature that the strata developed controlled by palergeomorphy,reef bank grew upward and sea level relative variability,then on the basis of synthetically analyzing Hthology and logging curves features,and applying the theories of sequence stratigraphy,divided Lianglitage Formation into TST and HST from bottom to top,and 3-4 parasequence sets,8 parasequences,and 11 members.furthermore, recognized shelf margin reef,grain bank, shelf margin bioherm and interbank sea these four facies and 12 subfacies.

针对上奥陶统良里塔格组地层的发育主要受古地理、礁滩体向上营建和海平面相对变化控制的特点，在进行岩性特征、测井曲线特征综合分析的基础上，应用层序地层学原理和方法，将良里塔格组自下而上划分为海侵体系域和高位体系域两个体系域，3～4个准层序组、8个准层序，细分为11个小层。并发育棚缘生物礁、粒屑滩、棚缘生物丘、滩间海4种相，12种微相亚相。

This is democracy from the bottom up, which is the only version of democracy worth a damn.

这是民主的自下而上，这是唯一版本的民主价值该死的。

But the new programming was "bottom up."

但是，新的编程方式是"自下而上的"。

A brain and body are made the same way. From the bottom up.

大脑和身体的构建方式是相同的，自下而上。

When it says at bottom-left 'Build succeeded', click on the green arrow.

当它说，在自下而上左'的建设成功'，点击绿色箭头。

Numerical simulation and shaking table tests for acceleration response of piles in liquefiable ground were performed under three earthquake events.

结果表明：三种地震输入下，自下而上沿桩-柱墩长度方向，加速度峰值放大系数变化基本一致且均出现在10～20s时段内，加速度时程曲线的形状也极其相似；压缩0.15g El Centro波输入下加速度反应在砂土层与黏土层过渡带有增大趋势、在地表则有一定程度减小，且压缩0.15g El Centro波较0.15g El Centro波输入下均偏小，0.15g El Cen-tro波输入下自下而上桩的加速度时程幅值和峰值放大系数的试验值、计算值均一直有较大幅度增大；0.5g El Centro波输入下，加速度时程幅值的计算值和试验值在桩折断位置之下一直增大、至砂土层与黏土层过渡带则大大减小，加速度峰值放大系数的试验值和计算值在砂土层与黏土层过渡带突变增大、而在地表则明显减小，且较0.15g El Centro波输入下桩的峰值放大系数要偏小。

Secondly, it summarizes development and gradual progress about operational risk measurement. Analyzes and compares two main categories at present: bottom-up and top-down, and Loss Distribution Approach of top-down and Income Model of bottom-up is studied deeply, then finds out the main challenges of operational risk measure methods. Thirdly, taking examples for Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, it demonstrates operational risk measurement of our banking using Basic Indicator Approach and Income Model of bottom-up. And by comparing its effects with analysis result of concrete loss incidents of operational risk, it is approved that to apply operational risk measurement to our banking is feasibility. Finally, the paper analyzes difficulties to measure operational risk, such as weak consciousness of measuring operational risk, short of effective modern measuring model, behindhand of loss data collection and lack of perfect inside management mechanism of measurement, and then gives some advices.

接着总结了操作风险度量方法的发展演进过程，对目前度量操作风险的两类主流方法&自下而上&法和&自上而下&法进行了详细的分析和比较，分别选取&自下而上&的损失分布法和&自上而下&的收入模型法展开深入研究，并剖析了操作风险度量方法面临的主要挑战；接着以&浦东发展银行&和&深圳发展银行&为例，选用&自上而下&的基本指标法和收入模型法进行了操作风险度量的实证分析，并将分析结果与使用具体损失事件的实际操作风险分析结果进行了比较，证实了操作风险度量方法应用于我国的可行性；最后文章对我国银行业度量操作风险中存在的现实困难进行了深入探讨，指出了我国存在操作风险度量认识障碍、缺乏适用的现代操作风险度量模型、损失数据收集工作滞后以及操作风险度量缺乏完善的内部管理机制保证四大方面的现实问题，并提出了对策建议。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。