自上而下

In the mid-16th century, after king the henry viii opened the Britain top-down reformation, Britain taught has been separated from the Vatican, established the English empire protestant episcopal church, namely we often said generally the British national religion church, stipulated king for the country religious leader.

16世纪中期，国王亨利八世开启英国自上而下的宗教改革后，英国教会脱离了罗马教廷，建立英格兰王国圣公会，即一般我们常说的英国国教教会，规定国王为国家宗教领袖。

Following each movement, which were spontaneous and from below, and not as a result of the leadership, a political radicalization took place.

这种传统通常会导致群众运动把希望寄托于"领袖"、"元首"身上，宁可自上而下的进行社会和经济改革而非自下而上地通过有觉悟的运动组织而进行改革。

In this situation, the books will gradually become the access to and the main way to increase my knowledge, and the library would naturally occupy in people's lives in a certain location, how to scientifically manage the library is not only related to the convenience of the reader to seek knowledge level is also related to library development, therefore, develop a comprehensive library management system will become essential, and this paper describes the environment in the Visual Basic6.0 adoption of the "top-down master plan, bottom-up application of development "strategy of development of the detailed process of this system is proposed to achieve the library information management, the basic objective of sharing resources, thus promoting the pace towards the digital library and described the system architecture design and functional design, from the warehouse of books Registration to the query view, from the library card issued to the lending of books, forming an overall automated management model, from the perspective of software engineering, scientific and rigorous exposition.

在这种形势下，书籍就渐渐地成为人们获取并增长知识的主要途径，而图书馆就自然而然地在人们的生活中占据了一定的位置，如何科学地管理图书馆不但关系到读者求知的方便程度，也关系到图书馆的发展，因此，开发一套完善的图书馆管理系统就成不可少了，本文介绍了在Visual Basic6.0环境下采用"自上而下地总体规划，自下而上地应用开发"的策略开发本系统的详细过程，提出实现图书馆信息管理、资源共享的基本目标，从而推动迈向数字化图书馆的步伐，并阐述系统结构设计和功能设计，从图书的入库登记到查询浏览，从借书证发放到图书的借阅，形成了一个整体自动化管理模式，从软件工程的角度进行了科学而严谨的阐述。

From the construction of network society, it makes the content provider as the main body, and builds from top to the bottom, the users are considered as a group conception. But Web 2.0 makes the user as the main body, the blog every user represents as the cell, let them combine spontaneously or under guide, continuously radiates to form a organic network that is retractile.

从网络社会的构建来看，Web 1.0是以内容提供者为主体，以一种自上而下的方式构建，用户只是作为一个群体概念而存在；而Web 2.0则是以用户为主体，以每个用户所体现的博客作为细胞，由他们自发聚合或者引导性聚合在一起，并不断辐射形成一张可伸缩的有机网络。

Operation: Pressing with both thumbs on both sides of "ji tu" of neck, holding to rub up and down for 3-6 times.

操作：施术者用两手拇指分别按压在受术者项部棘突两侧，自上而下按揉三至六次。

It may involve top-down suppression over the unrelated neural networks of saccade.

在不相关眼急动的神经网路之外，它可以参与自上而下的抑制。

We use QFD to acquire the demands of client and technical character of product, import the parameter of product design by secondary development on UG software. Then we carry throgh the quality control for every phase in product design according the instace in database and level of product structure tree.

利用质量功能配置方法获取客户需求和产品技术特征，调入经UG二次开发得到的产品设计参数，结合实例库检索到的实例，按照产品结构树的层次，采用自上而下的模式对产品设计各个阶段进行质量控制。

Problem one; finding a bra and tank top for underneath the slightly see through top, which Erin purchased at Jasmine Sola for 80% off when they went out of business last year.

问题之一，找到一个胸罩和背心的下面略见通过自上而下，而艾琳购买了80％时关闭茉莉花唯独他们家倒闭了去年。

Considering attention orienting is modulated by working memory executive system at preattention stage, there is another question whether the content of working memory can top-to-down guide attention orienting at preattention stage? What manner it can be?

既然前注意阶段的注意定向会受到工作记忆执行系统的调节，那么工作记忆内容是否也会自上而下地引导前注意阶段的注意定向？

Nowadays China is experiencing a complex and unique process. This process not only includes industrialization, stylization, modernization and globalization, but also has the reforming of all aspects of system, such as economy, culture and politics etc.

当代中国正处一个极为复杂和独特的社会转型时期，转型不仅伴随着工业化、城市化、现代化、全球化进程，更是自上而下进行的涉及经济、文化、政治等各方面体制的转变。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。