自上而下

Shanghai come to massage another a square to sign at the bedside, face to Fu head, the legs draw back a small bow word step, the hands five fingers exhibition stretch, the one who be juxtaposed to place levelly at the Fu carry upper part(attention palm and back stick tight) on the one who be juxtaposed to place levelly at the Fu's back, however first waist leg the energy function of the department is at the forearm and the palm, the energy be just right, release forward and make back skin muscle just at moment with palm fast change, from top to bottom push to the loins.

另一方立于床边，面向俯者头部，双腿拉开小弓字步，双手五指展伸，并列平放于俯者背上部，然先将腰腿部的力气作用于前臂和掌上，力气适中，向前推出，使背部皮肤肌肉正在瞬间随手掌快速推移，自上而下，推至腰部。

One of the drawbacks of traditional "topdown" land use planning is the neglection of land users,hence it is difficult to have it implemented and techniques developed could not be put to operation.

在处理开发和保护这一对矛盾时，传统作法是&自上而下&的简单方式，由于它忽略了基层土地用户的愿望，实施时困难重重，效果不佳。

The author probes into the negative factors in the actual teacher evaluation that hinder teacher"s professional evaluation. For example, the disjoint between the evaluation activities and teacher professional activities results in the school"s neglection of teacher"s professional development. The dorminent principle "cute of efficiency" leads to the losing of teacher"s subject. The up-to-down evaluation system . What is more,the actual teacher"s evaluation not only goes against the atmosphere which helps teachers to develop their professions, but alsobrings about the spread of the "diploma education.

诸如：评价活动和专业发展活动的严重脱节导致中小学校对教师专业发展的忽视；效率主义的评价体制下，教师主体性的缺失导致教师缺乏反思的意识和反思的能力；自上而下的评价制度不符合专业组织的特征；现行教师评价不利于在学校内营造专业发展的氛围；重&学历&、重&文凭&的评价导向致使教师不重视在职的学习和提高等等。

But they also healthily reworked the mechanics of game, taking into account the holeproject.

但是，他们还健全了自上而下的机械游戏，同时考虑到孔工程。

This letterpress introduce in Visual Basic6.0 circumstance adopt "from above to below collectivity layout,from bottom to top application development" maneuver empolder this system particular process,advance implement library information manage and resource sharing base directory, and expatiate system architecture design and functional design. since books are put in storage to demand and browse and since library card extend to books move,form the all and the one robotization manage mode,from software engineering angle carry through science and preciseness expatiate.

本文介绍了在Visual Basic6.0环境下采用&自上而下地总体规划，自下而上地应用开发&的策略开发本系统的详细过程，提出实现图书馆信息管理、资源共享的基本目标，并阐述系统结构设计和功能设计，从图书的入库登记到查询浏览，从借书证发放到图书的借阅，形成了一个整体自动化管理模式，从软件工程的角度进行了科学而严谨的阐述。

This letterpress introduce in Visual Basic6.0 circumstance adopt "from above to below collectivity layout,from bottom to top application development" maneuver empolder this system particular process,advance implement library information manage and resource sharing base directory, accordingly promote stride numeralization's library step, and expatiate system architecture design and functional design. since books are put in storage to demand and browse.and since library card extend to books move,form the all and the one robotization manage mode,from software engineering angle carry through science and preciseness expatiate.

本毕业设计介绍了在Visual Basic6.0环境下采用&自上而下地总体规划，自下而上地应用开发&的策略开发本毕业设计的详细过程，提出实现图书馆信息管理、资源共享的基本目标，从而推动迈向数字化图书馆的步伐，并阐述毕业设计结构设计和模块设计，从图书的入库登记到查询浏览，从借书证发放到图书的借阅，形成了一个整体自动化管理模式，从毕业设计工程的角度进行了科学而严谨的阐述。

Top-down career planning means getting in touch with who you really are at the deepest level (either soulfully or mentally, depending on your preference) and figuring out the best way to outwardly express and share that core value with the world.

自上而下的职业生涯规划意味着，尽力探究你最深层的自我（说是感情或精神皆可，看你喜欢哪种说法），然后找出向外部世界表达和分享其中核心价值的最佳方式。

The results showed that the sex ratio of trees was 1 m 2 f, and the natural T. cuspidata tree was able to sexually reproduce for many years. Male trees had fecundity when the diameter at breast height ranged from 1.5 cm to 92 cm, while female trees had fecundity when the DBH from 9.5 cm to 68.1 cm. Male trees typically flowered at the age about 20 years earlier than female trees. The numbers of microstrobili were 3 times more than that of megastrobili, and only 1/10 megastrobili developed into seed. The numbers of strobili and seed were correlated with DBH, crown diameter and height of trees; however, no significant correlations were observed with other site factors. Numbers of strobili decreased from the upper to lower canopy layers, while the quantity of seed decreased from the middle, upper to lower canopy layers. Seed-setting rate increased from the upper to lower canopy layers. Numbers of strobili and seeds in different directions of the canopy were not uniform, but the differences weren't significant.

结果表明：现实东北红豆杉天然种群中，♀♂性比为1：2；天然东北红豆杉有性生殖持续时间长，雄株胸径在1.5~92cm，雌株胸径在9.5~68.1cm保持生殖状态，雄株较雌株早约20年进入花期；天然东北红豆杉小孢子叶球数量平均为大孢子叶球数量的3倍，大孢子叶球转化为果实的数量不足1/10，孢子叶球数量、结实数量与样株的胸径、冠幅、树高显著相关，与其他立地因子相关不显著；孢子叶球数量在冠层间的分布呈现由上至下的递减规律，而结实数量在冠层间沿中、上、下递减，结实率沿冠层自上而下递增；孢子叶球与结实数量在树冠不同朝向上也呈现出一定的特点，但总体上差异不显著。

Returning to the classical Marxism-Leninism literary theory, the system of literary social value has witnessed adjustment from top to bottom in the new period, resulting in so-called "aesthetic" ideology,"active" theory of reflection and "humanistic" care. At the same time, it has seen total improvement: approval of aesthetic freedom, return and confirmation of subjectness, appreciation and celebration of humanity and humanism, and the opening and evolution of Marxism-Leninism literary theory.

回归经典马列文论，新时期文学社会价值论体系进行了自上而下的调整：&审美的&意识形态，&能动的&反映论和&人性、人民性&关怀；同时在多种社会合力作用下，开始了自下而上的改新：&审美自由、主体性的回归与肯定&，&'人性'、'人文精神'的认同与高扬&，&'马列文论'由封闭走向开放、由独断走向融和&。

Secondly, modularization technique is used in the structure analysis of product. The modeling means using mainly top-down modeling and subsidiarily down-top modeling is applied, and controlling codes are programmed through applying API and VBA in SolidWorks. The product is detected by finite element technique. Finally, the rapid design system is developed for bend door of railway vehicles, and it has got an effective application in enterprises.

本系统在产品结构分析上采用模块化技术，在参数化建模中应用自上而下建模为主、自下而上建模为辅的建模手段，通过应用SolidWorks的API函数及VBA编制相应的控制程序，并通过有限元技术对设计的产品进行力学分析验证，完成了轨道车辆弯门产品的快速设计系统的开发。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。