自上而下

By providing chambers on both top and bottom of the bed, contaminated air is forced through the bed from the top down.

通过在顶部和底部提供燃烧舱，受污染的空气被强行自上而下通过碳床。

Firstly, based on the characteristics of Vision-Based Remote Brainless SoccerRobot System, a kind of centralized-distributed soccer robot decision-making controlstructure is put forward by a high level decision module processing centralizeddecision-making and robot agent can respond to the environment under high-leveldecision module coaching, while acting autonomously. Secondly, the differential drive mobile robot kinematics model is set up and amotion control algorithm is developed, which allows a general differential-drivenmobile robot to accurately reach a target point with a desired orientation in anenvironment with multiple moving obstacles.

本文首先针对基于全局视觉的足球机器人系统的特点，综合人工智能自上而下和自下而上两种研究方法，提出了一种混合式足球机器人决策结构，即通过一个全局性高层决策模块来决定机器人团队当前队形、战术以及智能体与角色间的映射关系，然后将高层决策结果通知各个队员智能体；队员智能体根据高层决策模块的指示及自己的知识进行反应式的思考和行动。

Li Hongzhi illegally established an underground organization and set up a top-down rigorous secret system as a social and political force that confronted the Party, the country and the people.

李洪志违反国家法律规定，非法秘密结社，建立了一个自上而下、组织严密、活动诡秘的"法轮功"组织体系，成为与党、国家和人民相对抗的社会政治势力。

Great emphasis is put on the logic imagery movement in the process of visual thinking through relating the visual thinking theory of Arnheim's.They are as follows:the logic of choosing images,the logic of organizing images and the logic of distilling images.

通过对阿恩海姆的视觉思维理论的解读，着重诠释视觉思维过程中的意象运动逻辑："自上而下"的意象选择逻辑、"补足"与"重构"的意象组织逻辑、"抽象"和"概括"的意象升华逻辑。

The top-down approach mentioned in the subtitle means that the book starts at the top of the protocol stack--at the application layer--and works its way down through the other layers, until it reaches bare wire.

自上而下的方法在字幕中提到的手段，这本书开始在协议栈的顶部-在应用层-和工程的方式通过了其他层，直到它达到裸线。

In this section, we will look at top-down and bottom-up processing.

在本章中，我们将谈到自上而下和自下而上处理法。

In transverse section, from migmatite →mylonitized migmatite →ultramylonite, phillite mylonite, the contents of Au, Ag, As, S, Cu, Bi, Se and W increase, the ratios of Au/Ag, S/Se and Cu/.

在矿床垂深剖面Au及伴生微量元素Bi、Se和S具有自上而下升高的趋势；Ag和W自160m至0m则下降，Au/Ag、S/Se和Bi/Au比值自上而下升高，这可以作为矿体延深评价及找矿地球化学的指示剂。

This paper has no intention to put forward the ubiquitous educational principles, but has the intention to look for the educational significance in the situation. Against the way so called "top to down" by which most of the educational study deduct the certain theory, this paper prefers to use the collaboration of the way of "top to down "and the way of "bottom to up", but the preferable way is "bottom to up": I go near the world of the teacher's life, listen to the voice of the teacher, I make an attempt to keep the teacher's real situation, motion, chance and feeling, I welcome to invite readers to give an ear to their stories and understand the teacher's personal practical theory, also, expect me to do tiny but deep-ground task for verbalism in the educational study by standing the position on the Chinese reality.

与当前教育研究中大量的从既有理论框架中推演出某种论点并加以论证的所谓"自上而下"的方式不同，本研究更倾向于采取"自下而上"与"自上而下"相结合并以前者为主的策略：走近教师的生活世界，倾听教师的声音，用叙事的方式尽可能保留实践中的情境、流动、机缘、感受，邀请读者一同倾听故事，并以此为基础展开对教师个人实践理论的理解，也期望通过立足中国现实土壤的研究为教育研究本土化做一点哪怕微不足道却是扎实的工作。

Modern social security system is imperatively enforced by state.Viewing thepractice of social security in each country,we can conclude that it can't depart fromlegality,that is,each country legalizes its policy and measure of social securitythrough legislation and accordingly carries them into execution nationwide from topto bottom.So legalization is the only road to the enforcement of social securitysystem.

现代社会保障制度是由国家强制实施的，从各国社会保障的实践看，社会保障制度离不开法制，也就是说，各国都是通过立法将社会保障的各项政策和措施法制化，才使它在全国范围内自上而下才使它在全国范围内自上而下地实施，因此，法制化是社会保障制度实施的必由之路。

Secondly, it summarizes development and gradual progress about operational risk measurement. Analyzes and compares two main categories at present: bottom-up and top-down, and Loss Distribution Approach of top-down and Income Model of bottom-up is studied deeply, then finds out the main challenges of operational risk measure methods. Thirdly, taking examples for Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, it demonstrates operational risk measurement of our banking using Basic Indicator Approach and Income Model of bottom-up. And by comparing its effects with analysis result of concrete loss incidents of operational risk, it is approved that to apply operational risk measurement to our banking is feasibility. Finally, the paper analyzes difficulties to measure operational risk, such as weak consciousness of measuring operational risk, short of effective modern measuring model, behindhand of loss data collection and lack of perfect inside management mechanism of measurement, and then gives some advices.

接着总结了操作风险度量方法的发展演进过程，对目前度量操作风险的两类主流方法&自下而上&法和&自上而下&法进行了详细的分析和比较，分别选取&自下而上&的损失分布法和&自上而下&的收入模型法展开深入研究，并剖析了操作风险度量方法面临的主要挑战；接着以&浦东发展银行&和&深圳发展银行&为例，选用&自上而下&的基本指标法和收入模型法进行了操作风险度量的实证分析，并将分析结果与使用具体损失事件的实际操作风险分析结果进行了比较，证实了操作风险度量方法应用于我国的可行性；最后文章对我国银行业度量操作风险中存在的现实困难进行了深入探讨，指出了我国存在操作风险度量认识障碍、缺乏适用的现代操作风险度量模型、损失数据收集工作滞后以及操作风险度量缺乏完善的内部管理机制保证四大方面的现实问题，并提出了对策建议。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了