膨胀率

The results indicate that, with HRT of 8?h and temperature of 35℃, the COD removal rate is beyond 80%, the removal rate of TN about 8%, the ammonification rate of organic nitrat.

试验表明：厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器处理乳品废水，在水力停留时间为8h、中温35℃条件下，COD去处率达到80%以上，对总氮的去除约为8%，出水有机氮的氨化率达70%以上，ρ/ρ由进水的0 5提高到0 8以上。

The characteristics of nitrogen fixation, ammonification , nitrification and denitrification in coastal zones;2. Study on ammonification rate and slow release performance of urea;3. The results indicate that, with HRT of 8?h and temperature of 35℃, the COD removal rate is beyond 80%, the removal rate of TN about 8%, the ammonification rate of organic nitrat.

试验表明：厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器处理乳品废水，在水力停留时间为8h、中温35℃条件下，COD去处率达到80%以上，对总氮的去除约为8%，出水有机氮的氨化率达70%以上，ρ/ρ由进水的0 5提高到0 8以上。

The effects of NaAA content on the mechanical properties and water-swellable properties were studied. The experimental results show that NaAA has good reinforcement for the EVM vulcanizate. EVM vulcanziate reinforced by NaAA has higher water absorbing rate and equilibrium water absorbing ratio. When the NaAA content is 50 phr, the maximum water-absorbing ratio of EVM vulcanziate is 278.3%. With the incorporation of ion into immersing media, the water-absorption ratio of EVM vulcanizates decreases. FT-IR analysis confirms that NaAA formed in the process of compounding and underwent polymerization during vulcanization.

结果表明，NaAA对EVM硫化胶具有明显的增强效果；NaAA原位改性的EVM硫化胶具有较好的吸水膨胀性能，NaAA用量为50phr时，最高吸水率为278.3%；浸泡介质中离子的引入使EVM硫化胶的吸水率下降；FT-IR分析表明，在混炼过程中生成了NaAA，在硫化过程中NaAA发生聚合反应。

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The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The test results showed that intumescent degree and char residual could reflect the flame retardancy of IFR in PE.

结果表明，膨胀度、剩炭率可以反映膨胀型阻燃剂在聚乙烯中的阻燃效果。

The decisive influencing factor of viscosity in carboxyl-methylation was cross-linking reaction. Carboxyl-methylation was the main influencing factor of solubility and swelling capacity in modification of high content amylose starch. The structure and gelatinization property of different amylose content were analyzed with an Olympus Vanox BHS-2 multi-function optic microscope, and the results were as follows. The structure of ordinary cornstarch was different from the high amylose; gelatinization temperature and pH value of starch were affected deeply by amylose content, but had little difference between the gelatinization of high content amylose starch contained 50% and 70% amylose; pH value had much more effect than temperature on the gelatinization of high content amylose cross-linked starch. Monochloroacetic acid consumption, alcohol concentration and pH value influenced the starch carboxyl-methylation. When alcohol concentration was 60%, pH value 10, monochloroacetic acid/starch mass ratio 55%, the carboxyl-methylation of high amylose cross-linked cornstarch had the best result. With the In-Vitro digestibility model and biodegradation experiment, the digestibility and biodegradability of high amylose cornstarch and its modified starch were detected.

采用Brabande粘度测定仪和Olympus Vanox BHS-2型多功能光学显微镜等分析手段对链淀粉含量50％和70％的高链玉米淀粉及其交联和交联羧甲基化淀粉的结构和性质进行了表征和分析，结果表明，普通玉米淀粉结构与含链淀粉50％和70％高链玉米淀粉结构不同；高链淀粉比普通淀粉难糊化，高链改性淀粉糊化受pH值影响较大，受温度影响较小；淀粉的冻融稳定性、透光率、溶解度、膨胀度和粘度受链淀粉的含量和改性的影响，但是，链淀粉含量超过50％时，则链淀粉含量对淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度影响不大；改性淀粉性质的影响因素中，影响粘度主要因素是交联反应，影响透明度、溶解度和膨胀度主要因素是羧甲基化改性；一氯乙酸用量、反应时乙醇浓度及碱性条件都会影响高链淀粉及其交联淀粉的羧甲基化改性效果，制备羧甲基化改性淀粉的最佳工艺是在pH值为10的60％的乙醇浓度介质中按一氯乙酸/淀粉质量比为55％进行取代反应。

The results show that the ratio of slope has an impact on slope deformation; and that the angle and the range interval of anchors influence slope deformation. The pertinent proposal for design of main parameters of anchor frame beam is put forward so as to offer reference for engineering optimum design.

数值分析及结果表明，坡率与膨胀土路堑边坡变形密切，锚杆框架梁参数中锚杆布设角度和间距对膨胀土边坡变形影响较大，同时对锚杆框架梁的主要参数提出相关的建议，为工程和设计优化提供了参考。

FLAC3D software is used for simulating anchor frame beam strengthening expansive soil roadcut slope. Main parameters such as length, range interval and angle of anchor frame beam, are investigated so as to acquire how to influence slope deformation.

为了研究锚杆框架梁的加固效果及其坡率对膨胀土路堑边坡的影响，采用了快速拉格朗日差分分析三维软件FLAC3D模拟锚杆框架梁加固膨胀土路堑边坡。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。