膨胀曲线

Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049;4.Institute of Archaeology; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Beijing 100710; China;The fabrication technologies in terms of phase composition,structure,firing temperature,porosity,density and water permeability of ceramic water pipes and contrastive ceramic tilesexcavated from Anyang Yin Ruins of Shang dynasty were studied by X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction and dilatometer,respectively.It was found that the contents of CaO,K2O,MgO and P2O5 in CWP were relatively higher than those in contrastive CT.The difference was further confirmed by the mass ratio of flux...

采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射、热膨胀等分析手段对比研究了安阳商代陶水管的制作工艺，发现陶水管化学成分中各类熔剂的质量分数均略高于对比陶片中熔剂的质量分数，CaO、K2O、MgO等助熔剂与A l2O3的质量比进一步证实该现象，而这种差异性则外在地表现为陶水管的气孔度低于对比陶片以及陶水管热膨胀曲线中出现玻璃化现象，该结果表明陶水管原料应为一种易熔粘土，或者在沉淀粘土中人为地掺和了草木灰类掺和料，这有利于陶水管烧制与成型，有助于熔剂在熔融状态下，较好地进入陶水管中的空隙，使陶水管变得更加致密，一定程度上有利于防止陶水管的渗水，显示出陶水管制作工艺的特殊性。

To synthesize the development direction of civil expansion admixture field presently and refer to the performance of past,utilizing the reciprocal action and suitable combination of three expansion fountain namely CaO,AFt and MgO to get better expansivity,to make expansion curve more reasonable.

综合目前国内膨胀剂领域的发展方向和借鉴以往研究成果，采用CaO、钙矾石、MgO三个膨胀源的相互作用，三者膨胀适当组合，取长补短，以获得更适宜的膨胀量和膨胀发挥，使膨胀曲线更趋合理。

The dilatometric curves of low-carbon micro-alloyed steel with Mo at different cooling rates were detected on Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator.

在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上，测定了含Mo 低碳微合金钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，利用热膨胀法并结合金相-硬度法，测定了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了冷却速度对该钢组织及硬度的影响。

Based on analyzing the dilatometric curves, metallographic structures of test samples of these simulation procedures, four factors which have influences on the tendency of the appearance of the cold cracks in HAZ have been studied, these factors are preheating, slow cooling, expanding the cooling time (t8/5 and t8/3), and heat preservation.

通过对这些模拟过程的热膨胀曲线、试样金相组织等的分析，研究了焊前预热、焊后缓冷、延长冷却时间t8/5与t8/3、焊后保温这四种因素对焊接热影响区冷裂纹产生倾向的影响。

By the method of dilatometric change,combining with microscopic test and hardness measurement,different expanding curves of continuous cooling transformation were measured at different cooling rate,and CCT diagram was obtained by using DIL805A thermal expansion fast phase transition instrument.

利用膨胀法，结合金相法和硬度法，在DIL805A热膨胀快速相变仪上测定了该钢在不同冷速下连续冷却时的热膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了该钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程与组织变化。

By dilatometric change referencing microscopic test and hardness measurement, the critical point at Ac1, Ac3 and Ms of 27CrMo27S steel was determined in Gleeble-3800 thermal mechanical simulator, By measuring the different expanding curves of CCT in different cooling rate, CCT diagram was obtained.

利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法，在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上测定了27CrMo27S钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3以及Ms；测定了该钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了连续冷却转变曲线；研究了冷却速度对该钢组织及硬度的影响。

By dilatometric change and microscopic test, the critical point at Ac1、Ar1、Ac3 and Ar3 of ML40Cr steel was detemined in Gleeble-3800 the thermal-mechanical simulator. The continuous cooling transformation diagram of ML40Cr steel was obtained by measuring the expanding curves of different cooling rates. The mechanical property and transformation of austenite were analyzed. The proper range of control cooling rate about ML40Cr cold heading steel was found. All those provide the reference for productive practice to develop cold heading steel.

在Gleeble-380热模拟试验机上采用热膨胀法－金相法测定了ML40Cr钢的临界点Ac1、Ar1、Ac3、Ar3，同时测定了在不同冷却速度下过冷奥氏体连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了ML40Cr连续转变冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程和转变产物的组织和性能，初步确定了ML40Cr盘条的控制冷却范围，为冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条的开发提供了参考依据。

The phase transition characteristic of non-equilibrium TiNi alloy deformed by hot forge was studied with dilatometry. It was found that there are two kinds of completely different expansion curve when the alloy samples heating and cooling.

用膨胀法考察研究了热锻变形非平衡状态TiNi合金的相变特征，结果表明：热锻变形态TiNi合金有两类截然不同的膨胀曲线，第Ⅰ类在降温时膨胀，对应B2→M相变。

The soft temperature of copper matrix could be effectively improved and thermal expansion of copper matrix could be effectively restrained by the AlN particles; Under the action of porosity and thermal stresses, the thermal expansion curve of AlNp/Cu composites became non-linear with the particle volume contents increasing to a certain extent.

结果表明：AlN的加入能够提高铜基体的软化温度且对铜基体的热膨胀起到明显的约束作用；在孔隙与热应力共同作用下，AlN颗粒含量达到一定程度时，AlNp／Cu复合材料膨胀曲线随温度的上升将产生非线性变化；加热过程中热应力造成的基体塑性变形使热循环后复合材料存在残余正应变。

The results showed that the three straight lines model could fit the soil shrinking and swelling characteristic curves well. The characteristic values of the curves were smaller than 1. This indicated that during the processes of soil swelling and shrinking, the change of the soil specific volume was smaller than that of the soil water content. Values of the geometry factors of four soils studied were equal to 1 at the beginning of shrinking, less than 3 and greater than 1 at other swelling-shrinking phases. The geometry factor values in different phases showed that soil swelling-shrinking was anisotropic and only subsidence occurred at the beginning of shrinking.

结果显示：三直线模型能够很好地拟合4种土壤的收缩、膨胀过程；土壤收缩、膨胀曲线各段的特征值均小于1，这说明土壤胀缩过程中土壤容积的变化速率小于含水量的变化速率；4种土壤胀缩过程中几何因子r大于1而小于3，且收缩初期几何因子r等于1，表明土壤的胀缩是各向异性的，并且在土壤收缩的最初阶段只有垂直收缩。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。