膝关节

The results were as follows.(1) In the backward handspring, the trajectory of CM and horizontal velocity of CM in junior-high and college gymnasts were lower and higher than those of senior-high gymnast, so the vertical velocity is better when they perform tucked backward somersault. College gymnast has higher vertical velocity than junior-high and senior-high gymnasts in take-off moment of backward handspring phase.(2) Senior-high and college gymnasts have more elbow and shoulder angle in take-off moment of backward handspring and tucked backward somersault phase. Therefore, angle of both arm is bigger for performing in hand push away phase in the backward handspring, and increased the reaction force with body in the tucked backward handspring.(3) College gymnast has large knee flexions in hand support and push away moment in the backward handspring, it would increase rotation radius and better moments of inertia in the backward handspring.

结果显示：在后手翻阶段中，较低的重心轨迹和较高的水平速，有於后续空翻的垂直速；大专选手在后手翻阶段起跳瞬间有较高的垂直速；高中及大专选手在后手翻起跳脚地瞬间和团身后空翻起跳脚地瞬间时，肘、肩关节角皆大於国中选手，使其在后手翻起跳地瞬间时，双臂的伸展於后手翻的手推地面的动作，而团身后空翻起跳脚地时，双臂向上摆於身体向上伸展方向的掌握，并使重心有一定的腾空高；大专选手在后手翻阶段的手著地瞬间和手地瞬间的膝关节角较大於高中和国中选手，使其可增加身体的旋转半径，并能获得较佳的下摆动能，而膝关节角小则形成屈膝的动作，导致重心水平速低，减少下摆动能和影响整体动作的节奏和韵。

Skin necrosis,infection,the times for limbs restoration of functional training,the joints cataplasia and unsteadiness were the main complications which affect patient's limb postoperative functions.

因近膝关节骨折手术创伤大，膝关节屈伸锻炼最早在手术 3天后进行。( 2 )术后感染、皮肤坏死、肢体恢复功能训练的时间、关节退变和不稳是导致肢体功能不良的主要因素。

Then we compared the knee joint function and the range of knee motion after the concrescence of fractures.

对骨折愈合后的膝关节活动度及膝关节功能进行评价。

Based on AO classification, in traditional fixation group, 30 cases of type A showed joint range of flexion 95°, and 8 of type C showed 80°. Eight cases developed delayed healing. The mean healing time was 12.5 months, and all patients were satisfactory to the contraposition.

传统内固定组中30例国际内固定研究学会A型骨折患者平均膝关节屈曲度为95°，8例C型骨折患者平均膝关节屈曲度为80°。8例延迟愈合，骨折平均愈合时间为12.5个月，所有患者内固定后对位对线满意。

From May 2007 to May 2008, 15 cases of osteoarthritis and 11 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, a total of 34 knees involved, including 7 males and 19 females, aged 52-67 years, were admitted to Depratment of Knee Joint, Luoyang Hospital of Orthopaedics and Traumatics. All patients underwent primary total knee replacements using Corin rotaglide knee replacement system.

回顾性分析2007-05/2008-05河南省洛阳正骨医院膝部损伤科收治的骨性关节炎患者15例及类风湿性关节炎患者11例（共34膝），男7例，女19例，年龄52~67岁；均为初次行膝关节置换，所用假体为英国Corin Rotaglide全膝关节假体。

Studies have suggested: Of every joint curve, the pace of hip joint is smaller and not changing much; The paces of knee joint , ankle joint and tiptoe are obvious in curvilinear motion; Knee joint up to the peak value of pace early , then moderate , ankle and tiptoe nearly reach the pace maximum at the same time during the course of proposing the knee, later dropped rapidly, the tiptoe pace increased but not reached the maximum again at the time of hitting the target.

研究表明：各关节曲线中，髋关节速度较小且变化不大；膝关节、踝关节和脚尖的速度曲线变化明显；膝关节较早达到速度峰值，然后减速，在提膝阶段踝和脚尖几乎同时达到速度最大值，之后迅速下降，在击靶瞬间脚尖速度又增大但没达到最大值。

During downslope walking, larger knee abductor muscle demand was found in the elderly, which might be a compensatory strategy from weaker knee extensor muscle.

在下坡时老年人的膝关节外展力矩皆大於年轻人，这可能是一种安全考量的代偿策略以维持膝关节稳定。

The method of designing artificial knee joints through surface matching between outer face of the replaced knee joint and femoral surface of the massive allogenic bone is proposed to simplify the clinic operation.

提出了依据手术切除部位膝关节的外表面与异体骨的股骨端面的曲面匹配结果来设计人工膝关节面的方法，简化了手术方案；完成了髓内针﹑融合笼及其辅助部分的研制；对髓内针的定位位置和方向，髓内针和融合笼的联接方式进行了深入的研究，提出了相应的解决方案。

Complete medial knee ligament injuries may not always heal. Operative treatment is usually indicated for chronic medial knee injuries in patients with symptomatic instability, pain, and excessive medial joint gapping.

膝关节内侧韧带完全损伤并非全部都会愈合，对于膝关节内侧陈旧性的损伤，如果患者出现不稳定的症状、疼痛以及内侧关节间隙过大等，通常都适合进行手术治疗。

Once anterior cruciate liament is involved in anterolateral structure injuries of the knee and Sègond fractures, expectant treatments would mistakenly lead to anterolateral rotatory instability. In such cases, enough attention should be paid to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and active operations should thus be performed.

膝关节前外侧结构损伤及Sègond骨折一旦累及前交叉韧带，错误地采用保守治疗，可导致膝关节前外侧旋转不稳定，临床上应予以重视，避免漏诊、误诊，积极手术治疗。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。