膜层

Em brane and the underlying compacted clay must be guaranteed in the structural design of the compo site liner.

在复合衬层设计中应保证土工膜与其下的压实粘土层的紧密良好接触，并避免土工膜单独作为衬层使用。

Under normal temperature.the Ca2+-ATPase activity was found on the innerside of the PM.on the vacuole envelope and the chloroplast envelope,and theenzyme activity declined upon heat stress.The Ca2+-ATPase activity on the vacuoleenvelope,PM.and the chloroplast envelope in both Ca2+-and oxalate-treated peppermesophyll cells was higher than that in the control under the same condition.TheCa2+-ATPase was also found at the granum lamella,and it was activatedsignificantly by exogenous Ca2+ and oxalate treatments.Under heat stress.the Ca2+-ATPase activity declined slowly in both Ca2+- and oxalate-treated mesophyll cells.But La3+ treatment inhibited the enzyme activity under both normal condition andheat stress.

常温下生长的叶肉细胞，在质膜、液泡膜、叶绿体被膜等处有Ca2+-ATPase活性，热胁迫后酶活性下降；外源Ca2+和草酸预处理对辣椒叶肉细胞各种膜上Ca2+-ATPase活性具有促进作用，特别是定位于液泡膜、质膜和叶绿体被膜上的酶活性明显比对照提高；在叶绿体基粒和基质片层上也有酶活性，并且Ca2+和草酸预处理对该部位上的酶活性激活作用更明显；La3+处理的作用与Ca2+和草酸处理的效果相反。

As an outerdressing, 5sheet nonabsorbent gauze is enough to prevent from environmental pollution, and it has an advantage over absorbent gauze. Absorbent gauze with 15 sheets is enough to protect burnwound. As an insidedressing, artificial biological dressing is favorable to maintain internal environment of histiocyte coming back to life, and it has little stickiness favorable to replacement of dressing on burnwound.

以非脱脂纱布作为外层敷料优于脱脂纱布，5层非脱脂纱布即可达到隔离外界污染的作用；以15层脱脂纱布作为包扎烧伤创面的敷料，可达到有效保护创面的作用；人造皮膜作为内层敷料，有利于维持创面组织细胞复苏的内环境；人造皮膜与创面的黏性较小，有利于敷料的更换。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

Design the structure of high performance Low-E film including its material and thickness of every layer according to basic optical theory. Carry out an innovative work to calculate its optical performance by characteristic matrices and optical admittance. Compare the results with those we get by traditional measurement.3. Prepare Low-E films with RF magnetron controlled reactive sputtering. The result shows that in the visible region (380nm-780nm), the highest transmittance is 82.4% while the average value is 75%. In the NIR region (780nm-2500nm), the average transmittance is 16.2%. These characters can fit the demand of the glass used in architecture and cars, and also in other applications.4. We novelly use the material Titanium as protective layer to solve the problem that Ag layer would disappear when depositing the second TiO_2 layer. As the protective layer, Ti does not increase the number of targets so as to lower the costs. The thickness of the protective layer Titanium is adjusted by controlling of sputtering time. Results shows the Low-E films get the best optical character when the sputtering time of Titanium is 20 seconds5. We novelly proposed a new transmittance quality factor Q=_·(?_-__ to evaluate the performances of Low-E films, which makes it easier to judge the qualities of Low-E film.6. The photocatalysis of Titanium dioxides is researched and introduced into Low-E films. Sb-doped TiO_2 thin films are prepared. Its photocatalysis and hydrophilicity are measured.

论文的工作主要有：1、总结了低辐射薄膜的制备方法，性能，以及国内外最新研究进展和应用，并对两种类型的低辐射薄膜进行了比较。2、从光学基本理论开始，设计了离线低辐射薄膜的结构，包括每一层的材料和厚度，并创新性的用特性矩阵和光学导纳理论计算了该离线膜的光学性能，利用软件对其进行了仿真，与实际制备的薄膜所测量的性能相比较。3、完成在实验室仪器上制备低辐射薄膜，掌握其工艺条件，解决了超薄金属膜的制备问题，所制备的低辐射薄膜在可见光区(380hm-780hm)最高可达82.4%，平均透射率为75%；在近红外区(780nm-2500nm)的平均透射率为16.2%，其性能达到建筑物幕墙玻璃，汽车前挡玻璃等应用标准，并为进一步的大规模生产打下基础。4、针对中间银层在镀上层膜时易被氧化这一工艺难题，本研究创新性的提出用Ti膜作为保护膜，没有增加新的靶材，提高了生产效率，并节约了生产成本。

There are TAIHONG 2LPSE0503MW-250 single unadhesive ED flexible copper coated lamination and Nippon Steel CIPW-25080 single ED FCCL.Regards to photoresists, Dupont FX915 dry film would be the best choice for the production of COF FPC after the comparison in photosensitive property, resolution, adhesiveness and operating procedure between the different resist thicknesses of Dupont FX900 series.

光致抗蚀剂方面：通过对比杜邦FX900系列两种不同抗蚀层厚度干膜(FX930与FX915)的感光性能、分辨率、附着力、操作工艺等，确定出杜邦FX915(抗蚀层厚度15μm)为更适用于COF挠性印制板制作的干膜；并对干膜的曝光参数进行了优化，最佳曝光级数5级(相对于21级曝光尺)，曝光能量片式150mJ/cm~2、卷式110mJ/cm~2，使其更加适合于精细线路的制作。

Cu/Ni multilayers with various defined thickness of Cu and Ni layers were deposited on low carbon steel substrates by electrodepositing technique.

用电沉积法制备了Cu／Ni 金属多层膜，研究了多层膜硬度与单层膜厚度之间的关系。

The study aims at the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with interdigitated flow field ,its influencing factors and feasible ways to improve it.

为研究交指流场质子交换膜燃料电池的输出性能，分析影响其性能的因素，寻找改善其性能的可行措施，探讨了使用交指流场流道的必要性和优越性，建立了包括质子交换膜燃料电池阴极/阳极侧流道、扩散层和催化层以及质子交换膜在内的完整的稳态、三维、两相数学模型。

The study aims at the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with interdigitated flow field, its influencing factors and feasible ways to improve it. The necessity and advantages of using interdigitated flow field were introduced. A three-dimensional, two-phase and steady-state numerical model was developed. The computational domain of the model consists of the flow channels, gas diffusion layers and catalyst layers in both anode and cathode sides and the PEM in PEM fuel cell.

为研究交指流场质子交换膜燃料电池的输出性能，分析影响其性能的因素，寻找改善其性能的可行措施，探讨了使用交指流场流道的必要性和优越性，建立了包括质子交换膜燃料电池阴极／阳极侧流道、扩散层和催化层以及质子交换膜在内的完整的稳态、三维、两相数学模型。

In sputtered Ni/Al and Ni/Cr multilayers,X-ray diffractionindicatesan expansion of the Ni lattices along the growth direction, which results instress in the multilayers.

在溅射制备的一系列Ni/Al和Ni/Cr多层膜中，X-射线衍射表明Ni层晶格在沿其膜面发向上与体材料相比存在轻微的膨胀，这导致了在沿其膜面发向上存在张应力。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。