膜关节

Then the cultivated chondrocytes were embedded in fibrin glue fused on spongy bone, covered with priosteal flap; the complex was used to repair the femoral trochlea osteochondral defect which size is 3mm × 4mm × 4mm made in rabbit knee joint.

在A组的每只兔子的一侧膝关节股骨滑车部人为造成3mm×4mm的骨软骨缺损，骨刀切除软骨下骨到髓腔渗血为止(厚约4mm)，压迫后FG止血；取髂骨骨块，并尽可能保留松质骨，取下的骨块用PBS反复清洗，以除去血细胞，将松质骨填充在骨缺损处，松质骨面朝向关节腔，高度与周边软骨下骨齐平，把骨膜片生发层朝向关节腔，用无创伤缝合线缝合在周边的软骨或滑膜组织上；向EP管中加入1/2悬液体积的FG主体胶溶液并混匀，再与主体胶等体积的催化剂溶液一同注射入骨膜与骨块密闭的腔隙中；同理处理另一侧膝关节。B组处理与A组相比只是不加入软骨细胞；C组造成骨软骨缺损，FG覆盖创面后单纯用骨膜修复缺损。

Interposition of a vitallium cup, which covered the reshaped femoral head, by Smith-Peterson in 1938 heralded a new era of arthroplasty.3

植入关节成形术起始于19世纪末20世纪初，在髋关节表面使用了包括阔筋膜、皮肤甚至是猪膀胱的粘膜下层等各种替代物。1938年Smith-Peterson在整形后的股骨头上植入金属杯，这开启了关节成形术的新纪元。

Results: Among the patients who had normal joint laxity, the mean side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on testing with the KT-2000 arthrometer at a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively was 2.7 ± 1.9 mm in the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft group and 3.5 ± 1.7 mm in the hamstring graft group. This difference was not significant.

结果：关节松弛度正常病人术后24月利用KT-2000 型关节测量仪检查平均双侧胫骨前方移动度差别，髌骨-骨-腱移植组为2.7 ± 1.9 mm ，筋膜移植组为3.5 ± 1.7 mm ，差别无统计学意义。

According to the different pathological changes, clearing synovium, biting off or gouging cataplasis cartilage, trimming asperous articular surface and sclerotin surface, stripping hyperplastic osteophyma, drilling under the cartilage to decompress, biting off and gouging injury glenoid labrum, dislodging corpus liberum, lavaging articular cavity with physiological saline and other therapeutic tools were applied.

根据不同病变情况，镜下采取清理滑膜、咬除或刨削退变的软骨、修整不平的关节面和骨质面、磨除增生的骨赘、软骨下微钻孔减压、咬除并修整损伤盂唇、取出游离体、生理盐水灌洗关节腔等治疗手段。

Results An obvious increase of SPIR brought about by overextended opening was mainly in the anterior extending tissue of the disc, the bilaminar zone and the subsynovial layer of the articular capsule, and the extent of the reaction became greater with the increased duration of over-opening.

结果 过度张口主要使关节盘前伸部、双板区和关节囊滑膜下层SPIR显著增强，并随过度张口的延长而加重，去除刺激休息两周后，SPIR明显减弱。

Results An obvious increase of SPIR brought about by overextended opening was mainly in the anterior extending tissue of the disc, the bilaminar zone and the subsynovial layer of the articular capsule, and the extent of the reaction became greater with the increased duration of over-opening. The SPIR decreased obviously two weeks after removing the nocuous stimulation.

结果 过度张口主要使关节盘前伸部、双板区和关节囊滑膜下层 SPIR 显著增强，并随过度张口的延长而加重，去除刺激休息两周后， SPIR 明显减弱。

ObjectivesOsteoarthritis of the knee, also named as hyperplasive gonarthritis, or osteoarthrosis of the knee, is a common degenerative articular disease, characterized with pain and stiffness of the knee, and fractional sound when the knee is moving.

一。研究目的膝骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis of the knee，KOA)，又称增生性膝关节炎、膝骨关节病等，是一种常见的退行性关节疾病，临床上以膝关节疼痛、僵硬、活动受限、活动时可有摩擦响声为特征，是一种累及骨、滑膜及关节周围支持结构的疾病。

All patients had different degree traumatic synoritis and hemarthrosis, comparing with results of arthroscopy of knee, the accurate rate of ultrasonogr-aphy were 92.1%.

所有患者均有不同程度的创伤性滑膜炎及关节腔内积血，与关节镜检查结果相对照诊断符合率为92.1%。

The results were expressed in mean±1SD. Pearson X~2 test and One-way ANOVA test were used. The data analyzed using the SPSS (version 11.5). Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative value of US for the LPEH model on the children cadaver were 88%, 84%, 79%, 91%, respectively. With regard to the thickness of femora head cartilage, the thickness of the anterior layer or posterior layer, there were no significant differences among three groups. However, the anterior layer was thicker than the posterior layer in three groups. The fluid in hip joint was detected in all of 21 symptomatic hips, which was clear commonly (90%) in early procedure. The amount of fluid in anterior recess showed a positive correlation with age (p .05). No fluid was detected in the asymptomatic and normal hips (2mm). The mean maximum width of inferomedial recess was significantly larger than that of anterior recess (12.50±4.04mm vs.4.35±0.8mm, p 0.05) in the symptomatic hip joints. The echogenic entrapped labral plicaes were demonstrated in the inferomedial recess in all of 21 children with LPEH, whose length and width ranged from 5.3mm-25.0mm (mean,15.6±5.6mm) and from 4.0mm-17.0mm (mean,8.9±7.8mm).

结果1，尸体LPEH髋关节模型的超声诊断敏感性、特异性分别为88％、84％，阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为79％、91％。2，21例患儿的LPEH患髋(21侧)、健髋(21侧)，以及21例正常儿童健髋(42侧)的超声检查显示：髋关节周围软组织及股骨头无形态结构差别；股骨头软骨厚度无统计学差异(3.5±0.5mm vs.3.6±0.4mm vs.3.6±0.5mm，p＞0.05)；关节囊前层及后层厚度无统计学差异(前层厚度2.79±0.74 mm vs.2.56±0.40mm vs.2.56±0.72mm；后层厚度2.70±0.82mm vs.2.48±0.54mm vs.2.44±0.58mm，p＞0.05)，但LPEH患髋关节囊前、后层均较后二组有增厚趋势。3，LPEH患髋均存在关节腔内积液，且早期较为清晰；积液以髋关节内下间隙明显，内下间隙较前间隙明显增宽(12.50±4.04mm vs.4.35±0.8mm，p＜0.05)，其内见嵌顿滑膜唇皱襞呈稍强回声的占位性团块，长约15.6±5.6mm，宽约8.9±7.8mm，90.5％(19／21)嵌顿皱襞内未见血流信号。4，所有LPEH患髋治疗后超声复诊均显示正常。

The major manifestations of MR imaging included synovial hyperplasia and pannus formation, joint effusion, bone marrow oedma, adnormality of signal and shape of meniscus, soft tissue swelling, cartilage destruction,popliteal lymphagogue, et al.

结果42例JIA患者的42个膝关节可见不同程度的MR异常改变（100%），主要影像学表现包括滑膜增生及血管翳形成、关节腔渗出积液、骨髓水肿、半月板形态及信号异常改变、关节软骨破坏、腘窝淋巴结肿大等。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。