膀胱结石的

Treatment of bladder stones with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by cystoscopy or resectoscopy is simple and safe,being a kind of effective and minimal invasive technique for bladder stones.

经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石安全、疗效可靠、损伤小，是一种值得推广的高效微创技术。

Here is the culprit as it is being removed from the bladder.

这是已经去除了结石的膀胱。

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effects of treatment of submucosal uretero-vesical stones with transurethral cystoscope.

目的：探讨经尿道膀胱镜处理输尿管壁内部结石的临床治疗效果。

The results revealed that the uroliths of goats associated with feeding cottonseed meals diet were the mixture of amount powdery and few granular. X-ray radiology of 'sandy uroliths' feeding cottenseed meals diet to goats was negative. Intravenous urography demonstrated granules of uroliths in the bladder with different density.'sandy uroliths' in kidney, bladder and sigmoid flexure were found with B-mode ultrasonogram.

结果显示：饲喂棉饼诱发的山羊泌尿系统结石呈砂石样，X射线腹部平片呈阴性，经泛影葡胺静脉尿路造影后可见膀胱内有密度不均匀的结石样颗粒分布；B超检查在泌尿道多处出现结石颗粒的强光点或光团并伴有声影；螺旋CT检查发现在泌尿系统的膀胱和尿道中有明确的结石影。

Objective To study the CT diagnosis of ureteral calculus at the distal end of ureter.

目的 回顾性分析输尿管膀胱入口处结石的CT诊断结果，评价其CT检查的临床应用价值。

Results Ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in CT scanning.The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

Special contrast X-rays to evaluate the urethra and bladder for less dense stones that cannot be seen on plain X-rays and to identify tumors or anatomical abnormalities such as an outpouching of the bladder.

特殊对比的X光检查可以判断在尿道和膀胱里的少数结石（在普通的X光检查里可能发现不到），也可以判断肿瘤或结构上的异常，如膀胱的泌尿憩室

The bladder is gently exteriorized through the hole in the shell.

把膀胱轻轻的通过这个洞取出来，医生切割了膀胱，发现结石已经膨胀了。

Abstact:objective to summarize the ventricle drainage tube in the bladder stone under the pressure transureteroscopic lithotripsy in the application of experience and effect.

目的：总结脑室引流管在输尿管镜下膀胱结石气压弹道碎石术中的应用经验和疗效。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。