膀胱直肠的

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of total pelvic exenteration for advanced rectal carcinoma.Methods 15 patients with advanced rectal carcinoma were operated with TPE,including total rectal,distal end of sigmoid colon,bladder,posterior urethra,anus,intrapelvic sexual organ and side lymph node,and the survival rate was estimated.

目的 探讨全盆腔脏器切除治疗晚期直肠癌的临床疗效方法采用Miles 手术方式基础，包括肿瘤在内全部切除直肠、乙状结肠远侧段、膀胱、远侧输尿管、后尿道、肛门及盆腔内的生殖器官，同时行盆腔内的侧方淋巴结清扫，并进行随访。

In the whole rats, the following tissues or organs were extracted and fixed in the most appropriated fixator (Bouin liquid or Formalin at 10%) then included in paraffin blocks : all the organs showing significant macroscopic lesions, encephalon (brain hemisphere, cerebellum and annular protuberance), spinal cord, sciatic nerve, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileon, caecum and colon, rectum, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph node close to and at distance, thymus, heart, aorta, trachea, lungs, thyroid/parathyroid, surrenals, pancreas, hypophysis, kidney, bladder, gonad, uterus, mammary glands, epididymis, prostate, eyes, lachrymal glands, bones, skin, thigh muscle and implantation sites (2 per animal).

从整体大鼠内，下列组织或器官提取后用最适宜的固化剂（ Bouin 液或10%的甲醛溶液）进行固定，然后包入石蜡块内：所有显示有明显肉眼可见损害的器官、脑髓、脊髓、坐骨神经、唾液腺、食道、胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、大肠、直肠、肝脏、脾、骨髓、近端和远端淋巴结、胸腺、心脏、主动脉、气管、肺、甲状腺/甲状旁腺、肾上腺、胰腺、垂体、肾、膀胱、性腺、子宫、乳腺、附睾、前列腺、眼睛、泪腺、骨骼、皮肤、股肌以及假体植入部位（每只动物2处）。

With 3D-doctor software, kidney, adrenal, ureter, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, the nephritic artery and vein, the lymph nodes beside abdominal aorta, thoracic duct, the intrailiac artery and vein, pelvis, spermaduct, prostate, the prostatic plexus, bladder, male urethra and internal obturator muscle were segmented and three-dimensional reconstructed in P4 computer. 3. With photoshop7.0 software, the major organs of the male urological and reproductive system such as ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate were segmented and the grey- color mode images through segmentation were imported to AMIRA software.

应用连续图像分割软件3D-DOCTOR，分别对肾脏、肾上腺、输尿管、腹主动脉、下腔静脉、肾动静脉、腹腔淋巴结、胸导管、主动脉旁淋巴结、髂内外动静脉、骨盆、股骨、输精管、附睾、前列腺、前列腺周围静脉丛、膀胱、男性尿道、直肠、闭孔内肌、肛提肌、尾骨肌等结构进行结构数据的分割与提取，并在PentiumⅣ计算机上完成已分割结构的三维重建。

Methods 15 patients with advanced rectal carcinoma were operated with TPE,including total rectal,distal end of sigmoid colon,bladder,posterior urethra,anus,intrapelvic sexual organ and side Lymphnode,and the survival rate was estimated.

采用Miles手术方式为基础，包括全部直肠。乙状结肠远侧段、膀胱、远侧输尿管、后尿道、肛门及盆腔内的生殖器官，同时行盆腔内的侧方淋巴结清扫，并进行随访。

Methods 15 patients with advanced rectal carcinoma were operated with TPE,including total rectal,distal end of sigmoid colon,bladder,posterior urethra,anus,intrapelvic sexual organ and side lymph node,and the survival rate was estimated.

采用Miles手术方式为基础，包括肿瘤在内全部切除直肠、乙状结肠远侧段、膀胱、远侧输尿管、后尿道、肛门及盆腔内的生殖器官，同时行盆腔内的侧方淋巴结清扫，并进行随访。

In order to reduce the complication and promote the quality of life,how to avoid and reduce the injury to bladder,rectum and pudic nerve is the key to prevent and decrease the complication.

为了减少并发症，提高患者生存质量，术中如何避免和减少对分布到膀胱、直肠及阴部神经的损伤，是防止和减少并发症发生的一个关键。

The ends of the 2 ureterers were anastomosed together and was then drawn into the top of the pouch for 2 cm and finally the ureterosigmoidostomy was accomplished.

改良Sigma直肠膀胱术并发症低、尿控效果好，术后生活质量较高，是一快速、安全并简单易行的尿流改道方法。

The ends of the 2 ureterers were anastomosed together and was then drawn into the top of the pouch for 2 cm and finally the ureterosigmoidostomy was accomplished.

改良Sigma直肠膀胱术并发症低、尿控效果好，术后生活质量较高，是一种快速、安全并简单易行的尿流改道方法。

Conventional transvaginal, transrectal, and transperineal sonography has improved the detection of stones at the ureterovesical junction.

常规经阴道、经直肠和经会阴超声提高了对输尿管膀胱连接部的结石检出率。

Nine (3.4%) of 252 patients had bladder and rectal perforations, and 26 (11%) of 232 patients developed vaginal erosions, most of which were mild to moderate.

252位中有9位（3.4%）发生膀胱与直肠穿孔，而232位中有26位（11%）发生阴道糜烂，其中大部分是轻微到中度的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。