膀胱外的

Three patients with bladder exstrophy developed multifocal adenocarcinoma of the augmented bladder.

3例膀胱外翻患者发生了膀胱扩大术所用肠道的多病灶腺癌。

Malignancy following enteric bladder augmentation arose in 4.5%(7/153) of our patients and was associated with coexisting carcinogenic stimuli (prolonged tobacco/chronic immunosuppressive exposure), or alternatively with the inherent risk of malignancy existing with bladder exstrophy.

我们研究的接受肠道膀胱扩大术的患者有4.5 ％（ 7 / 153 ）发生了恶性肿瘤，恶性肿瘤的发生与共存的致癌刺激（长期烟草/慢性免疫抑制剂的服用）有关，或者与膀胱外翻固有的恶性肿瘤发生风险相关。

Results: Of 59 superficial bladder cancer samples, sensitivity tests were successfully performed in 45 samples, and the others failed, the successful rate was 76.3%.Diversity of inhibiting rates of antitumor drugs was observed in samples from different individuals. Except MTX in stage of G1 and G3, no correlation has been found between the phenotype of sensitivity assay and the pathological grade and stage. Sensitivity and mean inhibiting rates of antitumor drugs in the primary group were notedly higher than that in the recurrent group.The combination of two therapy agents, which have different mechanisms or different cell-cycle targets, showed significantly more sensitivity and higer mean inhibiting rates than single one in superficial bladder cancer in different individuals.

结果：14例失败，45例获得成功，总体可评价率为76.3％，不同抗癌药物对不同个体膀胱癌的抑制率存在明显差异；除MTX对膀胱癌G1和G3级平均抑制率差异有统计学意义外，其它抗癌药物对不同个体膀胱癌细胞的平均抑制率与膀胱癌的病理分级、分期均无关；抗癌药物对初发膀胱癌的敏感率和平均抑制率均高于复发膀胱癌；两种不同作用机制的抗癌药物联合应用对不同个体膀胱癌细胞的敏感率和平均抑制率均高于单一药物，二者敏感率和平均抑制率差异有统计学意义。

Results CT displayed the lesions located in the bladder neck and triangle area in 7 cases, in the right anterior wall in 1 cases, involve the entire bladder wall in 2 cases. Eight cases showed the local thickening or nodular or flat dune-like shape thickening of the bladder wall, the size of the lesions were 1.0cm × 0.8cm ~ 4.3cm × 5.9cm, two cases showed the diffuse thickening of the bladder wall. Cystal low density were demonstrated in 2 lesions.The bladder exine were smooth in 9 cases.

结果 10例CG中CT表现为膀胱颈部和三角区7例，右前壁1例，累及整个膀胱壁2例。8例CT平扫表现为膀胱壁局限性增厚或呈结节状、扁丘状突向膀胱腔内的软组织密度影，大小1.0cm×0.8cm～4.3cm×5.9cm，2例膀胱壁弥漫性增厚，边缘光整。2例病灶内可见囊性低密度区。9例膀胱外壁光滑。

200IU BTX-A was dissolved in 8ml normal saline, and the solution of BTX-A was injected into 8 different points in urinary sphincter using a flexible cystoscopic needle, with each point of 1ml solution. The effects was evaluated and followed up. Result: One month after injection, the hydronephrosis decreased from 3.9±1.2cm to 1.1±0.8cm and PUV did so from 187±58ml to 54±18ml in all patients.

对逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调的13例患者，将200IU BTX-A溶解于8ml生理盐水，在膀胱尿道镜下分点注射于外括约肌内；对DESD合并逼尿肌－膀胱颈协同失调的6例患者，将200IU BTX-A溶解于12ml生理盐水，分点注射于膀胱颈及外括约肌内。1个月后复查上述检查指标。

Result: Unstable bladder in 9 cases(45%), low compliance bladder in 5 cases (25%), obstruction in the bladder outlet in 11 cases (55%), dyssynergia in detrusor muscle and external urethral sphincter in 7 cases (35%), unstable bladder with obstruction in the bladder outlet in 6 cases, low compliance bladder with obstruction in the bladder outlet in 4 cases , unstable bladder with dyssynergia in detrusor muscle and external urethral sphincter in 2 cases .

结果：不稳定性膀胱9例（45%），低顺应性膀胱5例（25%），膀胱出口梗阻11例（55%），逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调7例（35%），其中不稳定膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻6例，低顺应性膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻4例，不稳定膀胱合并逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调2例。结论：慢性前列腺炎患者的下尿路症状与不稳定性膀胱、低顺应性膀胱、膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调有关，了解这些相关因素对治疗有重要的指导意义。

Result: unstable bladder in 9 cases(45%), low compliance bladder in 5 cases (25%), obstruction in the bladder outlet in 11 cases (55%), dyssynergia in detrusor muscle and external urethral sphincter in 7 cases (35%), unstable bladder with obstruction in the bladder outlet in 6 cases, low compliance bladder with obstruction in the bladder outlet in 4 cases , unstable bladder with dyssynergia in detrusor muscle and external urethral sphincter in 2 cases .conclusion : the symptom of inferior urinary tract in patients with chronic prostatitis urodynamic was related to the unstable bladder, low compliance bladder , obstruction in the bladder outlet and dyssynergia in detrusor muscle and external urethral sphincter ,to know the correlation factors do significant benefit in guiding the clinical treatment.

结果：不稳定性膀胱9例（45%），低顺应性膀胱5例（25%），膀胱出口梗阻11例（55%），逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调7例（35%），其中不稳定膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻6例，低顺应性膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻4例，不稳定膀胱合并逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调2例。结论：慢性前列腺炎患者的下尿路症状与不稳定性膀胱、低顺应性膀胱、膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调有关，了解这些相关因素对治疗有重要的指导意义。

The presence of CK-20mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be used as an early indicator of hematogenous metastasis of bladder carcinoma cells.

结论检测膀胱癌患者外周血CK-20mRNA对早期发现膀胱癌细胞的血行播散有重要参考价值。

Result: in substantial stage, thirty-four patients showed intrapelvic radioactive concentration imaging out of the baldder, in which sixteen were in the left side and eighteen were in the right. in delayed stage, radioactive concentration still existed, with the positive rate of 56.7%.

结果：34例在实质期内可见膀胱外盆腔大小不等的同位素浓聚显像，其中偏左侧16例，右侧18例，延迟期放射性同位素浓聚仍持续存在，阳性率56.7%。26例未见明显持续性同位素浓聚。

After injecting Gd-DTPA,the tumors mildly or moderately enhanced in 5,non-enhancement in1,MR could demonstrate clearly the cauliflowerlikeor papillaryform protrudinginto the bladder lumen,or out of vesical wall,Perivesical fat and adjacent structuresand lymph nodes were involved.

病灶可向腔内或膀胱外生长，累及膀胱周围脂肪及邻近器官和淋巴结转移；T1期3例，T2期4例，T3a期7例，T3b期8例，T4期5例，与病理分期对照，MR分期的准确率为77.8%(21/27)。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。