腺苷

Results Three nucleoside compounds and one lignan compound were isolated from the flower buds of Panax quinquefolium L., their structure were identified as 2′-deoxyuridine, 2′-deoxythymidine,vidarabine and pinoresinol.

结果 分离得到了3个核苷类化合物和1个木脂素类化合物，分别鉴定为脱氧尿苷(2′-deoxyuridine，1)、脱氧胸苷(2′-deoxythymidine，2)、阿糖腺苷(vidarabine，3)和松脂素（pinoresinol，4）。

A salt or an ester of propionic acid .an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP.

在细胞的新陈代谢中一种由二磷酸腺苷合成三磷酸腺苷的酶促过程。

By TUNEL and ultrastructural observation,the results showed that cadmium toxication caused apoptosis in testes,and adding selenium may decrease the effect. 5.Cadmium can affect the activites of several enzymes in biomembrane, Such as SDH,ALP,Mg2+-ATPase,G-6-P,Ca2+-ATPase and lead to metabolical disorder in tissues.

通过酶组化检测，证明镉能影响公鸡睾丸组织中酶活性，即琥珀酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、Mg~(2+)激活的三磷酸腺苷酶Mg~(2+-ATPase、葡萄糖-6磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)、Ca~(2-)激活的三磷酸腺苷酶Ca~(2--ATPase活性下降，酸性磷酸酶活性升高，导致睾丸组织损伤。

The cordyceps grass vegetable, the cordyceps grass is sour, the cordyceps grass many sugar, SOD—enzyme, guanin, urine, the gland... etc., a materials of the pit are all with the natural cordyceps grass homology, the poison reason evaluation:Have no poisonous side effect to the human body, is a stub in the world new species of biggest cordyceps grass in very unique body.

虫草素、虫草酸、虫草多糖、SoD、腺嘌岭、鸟嘌呤、尿嘧啶、腺苷等，核苷类物质都与天然虫草相同，毒理评价：对人体无任何毒副作用，是一株世界上绝无仅有形体最大的虫草新品种。

Following 24hrs of culture, cell proliferation was assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation.

材料与方法：利用IL-2依赖T细胞株CTLL-2来研究腺苷对T细胞相关的IL-2R信号传导的影响，首先采用TdR掺入法分析腺苷对CTLL-2接受IL-2刺激后的增殖反应可能产生的影响。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Five expressed genes contributed to the flowering process and embryonic development such as prolamine, gene for allergenic protein, chalcone synthase, putative peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase and acyl carrier protein Ⅱ gene were chosen to hybridize with a 1510-RNA-blot (time-point phenotypes) array. The 1510 RNA blots were prepared into an RNA array for the purpose of conferring and validating global transcriptional profiles on booting, flowering and filling quantitatively and qualitatively at a statistic level. The results verified: Prolamine and allergenic protein were high-expressed in filling grains after being regulated by development, Chalcone synthase and methionine sulfoxide reductase were high-expressed in the leavies induced by light, in the root stressed for nitrogen deficiency.

为了全局性分析基因表达谱以及进一步验证它们与开花过程的相关性，选取参与水稻开花过程和胚胎发育过程的基因：查尔酮合酶、酰基载体蛋白Ⅱ、醇溶蛋白、S-腺苷基甲硫氨酸还原酶、过敏反应蛋白等为探针，与1500个水稻RNA斑点阵列进行杂交时，结果证实：醇溶蛋白和过敏反应蛋白受发育调节在乳熟成穗中高表达，查尔酮合酶和S-腺苷基甲硫氨酸还原酶在叶片中受光诱导、在根中受缺氮胁迫高表达。

A nucleoside, C10H14N2O5, composed of thymine and deoxyribose.

在细胞的新陈代谢中一种由二磷酸腺苷合成三磷酸腺苷的酶促过程。

One amine that has an affinity to the Adenosine 1 (A-1) and Adenosine 2 (A-2) receptors 100 times greater than caffeine which is huge for both fat burning and energy!

一胺具有亲和力的腺苷1款（ a - 1 ）和腺苷2款（ a - 2 ）受体的100倍，大于咖啡因是两个巨大的脂肪燃烧和能量！

Calciumtolerant myocytes were isolated from the region of the AV node by enzymatic and mechanical ionic currents was studied using the cell attached configurations of the patchclamp technique.We found that there are two types cells in AVN region.

为从细胞水平了解房室结电生理特性以及腺苷对其作用的离子机制，研究急性酶分离的单个房室结细胞钾电流的特性以及腺苷对电流特性的影响。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。