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Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除:以猪为实验动物,旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验,建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带,采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除,比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量,总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除:选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者,病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生,建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带,采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织,暴露管道结构,再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面,统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等,评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

From April 2000 to June 2002, 512 cases of laparoscopical urologic operation have been performed through transperitoneal and retroperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach: 41 cases of nephrectomy, 36 cases of radical nephrectomy, 10 cases of nephroureterectomy with cystoscopic en bloc excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff, 3 cases of partial nephrectomy, 78 cases of partial adrenalectomy or resection of adenomas, 71 cases of total adrenalectomy, 17 cases of ureterolithotomy, 122 cases of decortication of renal cyst, 1 case of Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, 7 cases of renal pedical lymphatics disconnection, 2 cases of relative living donor nephrectomy.

本课题通过对223例肾疾病、149例肾上腺疾病、17例输尿管结石病人进行腹腔镜及后腹腔镜手术,其中肾囊肿去顶术140例、单纯肾切除术41例、根治性肾切除术36例、肾输尿管全切及输尿管口膀胱袖套状切除术10例、后腹腔镜肾部分切除术3例、Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术1例、肾蒂淋巴管离断术7例、腹腔镜和后腹腔镜活体亲属供肾切取术各1例、肾上腺部分或单纯肿瘤切除术78例、肾上腺全部切除术71例、输尿管切开取石术17例。记录手术时间、手术中失血量、肠道功能恢复时间及并发症,将结果与传统开放手术和国外学者的腹腔镜手术结果进行比较,对数据进行统计分析。

This topic intends to set up the animal model of apositia with the function of central inhibition to investigate the pharmacological effect of Shanzha Maiya granula and research the functional mechanism of the Chinese medicines for invigorating spleen to promote digestion in view of braingut petide-appestat.

CLAIRE报道LP50μg/kg单独腹腔注射可以降低大鼠进食量,LP 50μg/kg和8~16μg/kgCCK联合腹腔注射效果更佳,两者联合腹腔注射后与LP单独腹腔注射后大鼠食量比较差异有统计学意义,Scott等报道第三脑室注射LP 7μg/kg和腹腔注射CCK 2μg/kg都有降低食欲的作用。

The abdominal wall in the left lower quadrant, 2 finger breadths (3 cm) cephalad and 2 finger breadths medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, has been shown to be thinner and with a larger pool of fluid than the midline and is usually a good choice for needle insertion for performance of a therapeutic paracentesis.27 The right lower quadrant may be a suboptimal choice in the setting of a dilated cecum or an appendectomy scar.

在过去,常常将腹部正中线耻骨与肚脐中间定为穿刺点,现在,由于腹腔穿刺引流大量液体以及腹中部脂肪厚度增加,左下腹成为腹腔穿刺部位(表1),在左下腹部中线至髂前上棘连线上2指宽(3cm)与距髂前上棘2指宽,已经显示较中部脂肪少及腹水较多是治疗性腹腔穿刺好的首选部位27,在盲肠有扩张或阑尾切除术后瘢痕时右下腹是次选的穿刺部位,应避开腹壁下动脉,这些血管走行在耻骨与髂前上棘之间的中线然后在腹直肌中向上行走,,腹壁可见的侧支循环亦应该避开,腹腔镜检查发现侧支循环可出现在中线并且在腹腔穿刺时有导致血管破裂的风险28。

Results:All 55 patients were diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic procedure successfully including 7 laparoscopic intestinal local resections,10 laparoscopic intestinal diverticular resections,37 laparoscopic partial intestinal resections and 1 laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.

结果:腹腔镜探查不仅明确了所有患者小肠出血的原因,而且同时实施了相应的腹腔镜手术,其中包括7例完全腹腔镜下小肠肿瘤局部切除术;10例腹腔镜下小肠憩室切除术;37例腹腔镜辅助下小肠肠段切除术;1例腹腔镜辅助下右半结肠切除术。

objective to explore the best method of nursing in laparoscopic operation of subtotal hysterectomy with pk scapel.methods ninety seven patients under going operation of laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy with pk scapel were slected.the bleeding volume,operation time and methods of nursing including machine check,proceeding and maintenance of instruments.results bleeding volume was lessened significantly and good nursing during operation can improve safety and success rate of losh.conclusion good nursing with well knowledge of pk scapel,accurate proceeding and sterilization and skilled cooperation plays a key role in assurance of the success of losh.

摘 要]目的:探讨在腹腔镜下使用pk刀行子宫次全切除术配合的方法。方法:对97例使用pk刀在腹腔镜下行子宫次全切除术配合进行总结,主要是检查测试仪器功能,按操作程序密切配合手术,术后正确彻底的清洗、保养、消毒与灭菌。结果:在腹腔镜下应用pk刀切除子宫,出血量明显减少,组织损伤小,97例的手术中除1例粘连严重中转开腹外,其余手术均顺利完成,无并发症发生。结论:护士加强对pk刀的应用学习,正确掌握操作规程和灭菌方法,以及娴熟的腹腔镜配合技术是手术顺利进行的有力保证。[关键词]腹腔镜;pk刀;子宫次全切除术;护理配合

The following examining methods were carried out:(1)Phagocytosis of Monilia albicans by the peritoneal macrophages by means of fluorescence microscopy after acridine orange staining.(2)Measurement of non-specific esterase in Mφ after being stained with α-nephthy acetate by image analysis.

激光照射结束后取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,分别做如下实验:(1)用荧光显微镜观察腹腔巨噬细胞对白色念珠菌的吞噬功能;(2)用α-荼酚醋酸酯法显示腹腔巨噬细胞内非特异性酯酶,并用图像分析系统对NSE作定量分析;(3)用透射电镜观察腹腔巨噬细胞超微结构的变化。

As can be seen, the liver is the largest parenchymal organ, lying just below the diaphragm.

胸腔和腹腔的内脏图可见肝脏是最大的实质器官,位于膈下。

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 321 cases of laparoscopic hysterectomy, including 201 classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy, 24 laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy, 51 laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and 45 total laparoscopic hysterectomy. We compared the time of operation, the blood loss during operation and the restitution after operation in four groups, About the time of operation, the two methohs of amputating cervix were significantly longer than the two methods of remaining cervix.

对321例腹腔镜子宫切除术进行回顾性分析,其中腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术201例,腹腔镜次全子宫切除术24例,腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术51例,腹腔镜全子宫切除术45例,比较4种子宫切除术式的手术时间,出血量,术后恢复的情况。

Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscular and membranous structure between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

膈:哺乳动物体内分隔胸腔和腹腔的由肌肉和膜组成的穹窿形结构。

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Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气,收缩臀部肌肉;拱起身体,尽量抬起头来,右腿伸直朝向天花板(膝微屈,以避免肌肉紧张)。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化,但却比去年同期高8%。

However, to get a true quote, you will need to provide detailed personal and financial information.

然而,要让一个真正的引用,你需要提供详细的个人和财务信息。