腹水

The abdominal wall in the left lower quadrant, 2 finger breadths (3 cm) cephalad and 2 finger breadths medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, has been shown to be thinner and with a larger pool of fluid than the midline and is usually a good choice for needle insertion for performance of a therapeutic paracentesis.27 The right lower quadrant may be a suboptimal choice in the setting of a dilated cecum or an appendectomy scar.

在过去，常常将腹部正中线耻骨与肚脐中间定为穿刺点，现在，由于腹腔穿刺引流大量液体以及腹中部脂肪厚度增加，左下腹成为腹腔穿刺部位（表1），在左下腹部中线至髂前上棘连线上2指宽（3cm）与距髂前上棘2指宽，已经显示较中部脂肪少及腹水较多是治疗性腹腔穿刺好的首选部位27，在盲肠有扩张或阑尾切除术后瘢痕时右下腹是次选的穿刺部位，应避开腹壁下动脉，这些血管走行在耻骨与髂前上棘之间的中线然后在腹直肌中向上行走，，腹壁可见的侧支循环亦应该避开，腹腔镜检查发现侧支循环可出现在中线并且在腹腔穿刺时有导致血管破裂的风险28。

Ap with hyperlipaemia model was prepared by both triton wr1339 and cerulein simultaneously. human albumin was used to treat the ap accompanied with hyperlipaemia. in each group, the histological score, volume of ascites, ratio of pancreatic wet/dry weigh, serum amylase and pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in each group were compared. the level of protein kinase c membrane translocation in pancreatic tissue was detected by western blot.

分别用triton wr1339、cerulein制作大鼠高脂血症和急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis，ap）模型，同时应用两者制作伴有高脂血症的ap模型，应用白蛋白治疗伴有高脂血症的ap，比较各组胰腺病理损害评分、腹水量、胰腺湿/干比、血清淀粉酶和胰腺组织的凋亡；western blot检测胰腺组织pkc的膜转位。

Methods Hyperlipaemia and AP model were established with Triton WR1339 and Cerulein respectively. AP with hyperlipaemia model was prepared by both Triton WR1339 and cerulein simultaneously. Human albumin was used to treat the AP accompanied with hyperlipaemia. In each group, the histological score, volume of ascites, ratio of pancreatic wet/dry weigh, serum amylase and pancreatic acinar cell apoptosis in each group were compared. The level of protein kinase C membrane translocation in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western blot.

分别用Triton WR1339、Cerulein制作大鼠高脂血症和急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis，AP）模型，同时应用两者制作伴有高脂血症的AP模型，应用白蛋白治疗伴有高脂血症的AP，比较各组胰腺病理损害评分、腹水量、胰腺湿/干比、血清淀粉酶和胰腺组织的凋亡；Western blot检测胰腺组织PKC的膜转位。

Objectives:To observe the role of parenteral nutrition in the chylous ascites after abdominal surgery.

目的：观察肠外营养支持在治疗腹部手术后乳糜腹水中的作用。

Objective: To review the efficacy of fat-free enteral nutrition in management of postoperative chylous ascites following abdominal surgery.

目的：回顾性分析手术后并发乳糜腹水的营养支持治疗。

Methods:Occurrence of chylous ascites was confirmed in four patients about 10 days after abdominal operation.

4例病人在腹部手术后10d左右腹腔引流液变成乳白色，乳糜试验阳性，诊断为乳糜腹水。

We present a clinical report of chylous ascites in a renal transplant patient under sirolimus therapy; our investigation pointed to sirolimus as the cause.

我们报道使用西罗莫司的一例肾移植患者发生乳糜性腹水，我们的研究提示西罗莫司的使用是其产生的原因。

Liver transplantation should be considered in patients with cirrhotic ascites.

有肝硬化腹水的患者应该考虑肝移植。

Cirrhosis resulting from alcohol (2), autoimmune hepatitis (2), and hepatitis B (1), or cryptogenic cirrhosis (3) was the presumed diagnoses pre-LT.

由酒精 (2)，自身免疫性肝炎(2)，乙肝病毒(1)，或不明原因引起的肝硬化是移植前假定的诊断类型。7名患者伴有静脉曲张，5名伴有腹水。

The growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell was dose-dependently inhibited by cUMP in a concentration ranging from 10~(-6) to 10~(-12) M/10~6 cells.

艾氏腹水癌细胞在cUMP浓度为10~(-6-10~(12M)/10~6细胞作用下，生长受到抑制，随cUMP浓度降低，抑制作用减小。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。