腹水

The sensitivity and specificity of combined usage of aneuploidy and ascites/serum cea were 92.86% and 100%.

腹水中检出异倍体与腹水/血清cea比值阳性联合诊断恶性腹水的灵敏度和特异度分别为92.86%和100%。

Successful treatment is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the cause of ascites; e.g., peritoneal carcinomatosis does not respond to diuretic therapy.

病史美国多数腹水患者（大约85%）有肝硬化（表2）10，有大约15％的腹水患者，是由于非肝源性原因引起的体液潴留，对腹水患者的成功治疗取决于准确的腹水病因的诊断；例如利尿剂治疗对腹膜恶性肿瘤没有效果。

Results:① 37 cases shown ascites (59.7%). 14 cases shown showed little;②19 cases shown thicken-peritoneum (30.6%), 8 cases nodular shadows; 5 cases shown cingulum shadows; 6 cases shown mass shadows;③ 17 cases changed epiploon (27.4%), 5 cases showed smudged, 3 cases nodular shadows; 9 cases caked sign;④ 4 cases cystoid mass (6.4%) in ovarian neoplasm;⑤ 2 cases deviated intestine with thickened bowel wall (3.2%).

结果：①腹水37例，占59.7%，其中少量腹水14例，大量及中等量腹水23例；②腹膜增厚19例，占30.6%，其中结节状8例、条带状5例、块状增厚6例；③网膜改变17例，占27.4%，污垢状5例、结节状3例、饼状9例；④腹腔内囊性占位性病变共4例，占6.4%，均见于卵巢癌；⑤小肠壁增厚伴肠管移位2例，占3.2%。

Objective: To study the practical value of Limulus Lysate Test in patients with Liver cirrhosis asites and changes of endotoxin in asites after use antibiotics.

目的：探讨鲎试验在诊断肝硬化腹水并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎中的应用价值及肝硬化腹水病人抗菌素治疗前后腹水内毒素的变化规律。

Interestingly, of the 10 patients with ascites, 4 had typical ascites with a latticelike appearance (Figure 4 ), 3 had echogenic particulate ascites (Figure 5 ), and 2 had ascites with a typical parallel violin string appearance (Figure 6 ), which to our knowledge has not been described previously.

有意思的是，10例合并腹水的病人中有4例出现网格样的特征性腹水（图4），3例腹水中出现光点回声（图5），2例腹水汇总可见典型的平行排列的琴弦征（图6），据我们所知这在以前还未有过描述。

Interestingly, of the 10 patients with ascites, 4 had typical ascites with a latticelike appearance (Figure 4 ), 3 had echogenic particulate ascites (Figure 5 ), and 2 had ascites with a typical parallel iolin string appearance (Figure 6 ), which to our knowledge has not been described preiously.

有意思的是，10例合并腹水的病人中有4例出现网格样的特征性腹水（图4），3例腹水中出现光点回声（图5），2例腹水汇总可见典型的平行排列的琴弦征（图6），据我们所知这在以前还未有过描述。

Some patients have ''monomicrobial bacterascites'' in which cultures are positive but there is normal ascitic neutrophil count.138 Such infections are thought to occur relatively commonly, and the majority are eradicated by the body's natural defence mechanisms (for example, opsonic and complement mediated bactericidal activity).138 139 When a positive culture is obtained, a further ascitic tap with a neutrophil count should be obtained.

有些患者有着&单一微生物细菌性腹水&，其腹水培养为阳性但腹水白细胞计数正常。138这些感染被认为较为常见，大部分可被机体天然的防御机制（如调理素和补体介导的杀菌活性）所根除。138，139当腹水培养为阳性时，应进一步进行腹穿并行嗜中性粒细胞计数。

For example, it is often presumed that cardiac ascites is a transudate when this is rarely the case, ascitic protein is .25 g/l in up to 30% of patients with otherwise uncomplicated cirrhosis,32 40–43 and patients with cirrhosis and tuberculous ascites may have a low ascitic protein.44 The serum ascites-albumin gradient is far superior in categorising ascites with 97% accuracy (table 1).42 45 46 It is calculated as

如通常假定心源性腹水为漏出液而这其实非常少见，在达30％的没有并发症的肝硬化病人中腹水蛋白＞25g/L，32，40-43有肝硬化和结核腹水的病人也可能腹水蛋白很低。44血清腹水-白蛋白梯度在腹水分类时有更高的优越性，准确率达97%（表1）。42，45-46计算方式如下

Test of NO, TNFa, LPS in the serum and ascites of the patients with liver cirrhosis ascites can contribute to distinguishing between exudative ascites and transudate ascites and distinguishing between spontaneity peritonitis is infected in Gram-positivebacteria and Gram-negative-bacteria so as to instruct clinical use of drugs.

肝硬化腹水患者血清及腹水中测定NO、TNFa、LPS，有助於鉴别渗出性腹水和漏出性腹水；有助於鉴别自发性腹膜炎是革兰阴性菌或革兰阳性菌感染引起，指导临床用药。

Methods Ascites of the patients with liver cirrhosis were carried out routine test to distinguish between exudative ascites and transudate ascites. All patients with exudative ascites had bacterium cultured and drug-effective tested in their ascites. At the same time, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-a, LPS were tested in the serum and ascites of all patients with liver cirrhosis ascites.

肝硬化腹水患者常规作腹水检查，以区别渗出性腹水或漏出性腹水，对渗出性腹水患者均作细菌培养＋药敏，所有肝硬化腹水患者均同时作血清及腹水一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子、内毒素水平检测。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。