腭翼的

Materials and Methods: The normal pterygopalatine fossa and its communication of 100 cases (200 sides) were studied, moreover pathological changes were observed in 23 cases (41 sides) of fibrous dysplasia by MSCT scanner, all volume data were subjected to multiplanar reformation, curved planar reformation in working station, to review the morphologic characteristics of the normal pterygopalatine fossa and its communications, to measure and compare the pterygopalatine fossa, pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum between two sets respectively.

资料与方法：对100例（200侧）正常翼腭窝及其通道及23例（41侧）累及翼腭窝及其通道骨纤维异常增殖症患者进行MSCT扫描后，将以上两组所有数据传至工作站进行后处理重建，主要包括MPR、CPR，观察正常翼腭窝及其通道形态特征，并对两组翼腭窝、翼管、圆孔的有关径线进行测量、比较。

Results Anatomic measurements showed vadian canal was located behind the sphenoid-palatine hole, and its external orifice was shaped as infundibular. The vertical dianseter was (3.5±0.9) torn and the horizontal diameter was (2.9±0.5) mm.

结果：解剖测量显示，翼管位于蝶腭孔的后方，外口呈漏斗型，垂直径为(3.5±0.9)mm，横径为(2.9±0.5)mm，距离圆孔为(6.1±1.2)mm，距离鼻中隔(10.5±5.9)mm。

Objective:To provide detailed anatomical data of the theory and practice for endoscopic surgery in the PPF by studying the related applied anatomy of PPF through the lateral wall of the nasal cavity approach of endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively.

目的：通过鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁中鼻道经腭骨入路、中鼻道经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路三种手术入路方式对翼腭窝进行相关应用解剖学研究，为临床鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术提供详实的解剖学理论和实践基础。

Objective To provide detailed anatomical data of pterygopalatine fossa region for the surgery by measuring the relevant channels and porous dehiscence of PPF.

目的 测量翼腭窝及其各通道和相关孔裂的毗邻结构，为翼腭窝区域的相关外科手术提供详实的解剖学数据。

Objective:To provide morphologic data for endoscopic transnasal surgery in the pterygopalatine fossa by measuring the bony landmarks and dissecting corpses.

目的：通过对翼腭窝骨性标志的测量和尸体解剖为经鼻内窥镜翼腭窝手术提供形态学资料。

objective to determine the role of endoscopic endonasal approach in decreasing the surgical invasion during resecting tumors in the pterygopalatine fossa.

key words： endoscopic surgery； pterygopalatine fossa； neoplasms 翼腭窝的解剖部位特殊，在接近和处理该区域病变时，会造成较大的外科侵袭。

There were two layers of tissue in the pterygopalatine fossa,they are posteromedial nerve layer and anterolateral vessel layer.The distance from the internal carotid artery to the sphenopalatine foramen was 16.4±3.3 mm.

结果：蝶腭孔、圆孔、翼腭裂距离前鼻嵴的距离分别为(62.3±2.7)、(64.2±4.8)、(51.5±0.6) mm，翼腭窝内的结构可以分为在后内的神经层和在前外的血管层，颈内动脉与蝶腭孔之间的距离为(16.4±3.3) mm。

Methods The shapes, sizes and adjacent structures of PPFs as well as channels (pterygomaxillar fissure, sphenopalatine foramen,foramen rotundum) were measured in 15 dry skulls (30 sides).

对15例(30侧)成人干性颅骨标本的翼腭窝及其通道(翼上颌裂、蝶腭孔、圆孔)的形状、大小及毗邻结构关系进行观察测量。

Methods: Fifteen (30 sides) formalin-preserved human skulls were subjected to microsurgical dissection to evaluate the exposure scopes of 3 different endoscopic surgery approaches: endonasal middle meatal transpalatine approach, endonasal middle meatal transantral approach, and endonasal inferior turbinectomy transantral approach.

用手术显微镜对15具成人头颅标本按照鼻内镜下中鼻道经腭进路，中鼻道经上颌窦进路和中鼻甲切除进路要求进行显微解剖，观察不同手术进路暴露翼腭窝的范围。

Objective The most common site of heamorrhage in maxillary osteotomies is the posterior maxilla.

上颌骨、腭骨及蝶骨的翼突联合形成翼腭管和翼腭窝，其中有神经血管束通过。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。