腕足类

Analysis of the morphological feature, diversity and abundance of graptolite, brachiopod and radiolariaindicated that the sea-level in the Yangtze basin underwent the change from rising to falling, then to risingagain during the latest Ordovician to the earliest Silurian interval, and the maxium rising episode appeared inthe lower Tangyagraptus typicus Subzone and the maxium falling at the top of the Guanyinqiao bed.

笔石、腕足类、放射虫的形态、分异度和丰度的研究表明：扬子海盆晚奥陶世晚期至志留纪初期，总体上，海平面经历了上升→下降→上升的变化，海平面上升的最大阶段发生在Tangyagraptus typicus亚带下部，到观音桥层顶部，海平面下降到最低点。

In the light of the paleoenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod,sponge spicule and the rock character, its suggested that the greyish green mudstone at the basal WufengFormation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100 meters deep water, theGuanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80 meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation inwater with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level changecycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascendingorder: 20～120 m, 80～130 m, about 150 m, 50～250 m, and in excess of 200 m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130 m、大约150 m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200 m。

Analysis of the morphological feature, diversity and abundance of graptolite, brachiopod and radiolaria indicated that the sea-level in the Yangtze basin underwent the change from rising to falling, then to rising again during the latest Ordovician to the earliest Silurian interval, and the maxium rising episode eppeared in the lower Tangyagraptus typicus Subzone and the maxium falling at the top of the Guanyinqiao bed.

笔石、腕足类、放射虫的形态、分异度和丰度的研究表明：扬子海盆晚奥陶世晚期至志留纪初期，总体上，海平面经历了上升→下降→上升的变化，海平面上升的最大阶段发生在Tangyagraptus typicus亚带下部，到观音桥层顶部，海平面下降到最低点。

Two brachiopod assemblage zones have been established for the first time in the Laka Formation of this area; they are the Choristites xainzaensis-Eomarginifera assemblage zone and Neospirifer kubeiensis-Fusispirifer plicatus-Stepanoviella assemblage zone.

首次在拉嘎组内建立了2个腕足类生物组合带，即Choristites xainzaensis—Eomarginifern组合带和Meospirifer kubeiensis—Fusispirifer plicatus-Stepanoviella组合带，前者的时代为晚石炭世早期，后者为早二叠世，大致与萨克马尔-阿丁斯克（Sakanarian—Artinskian）相当。

In the light of the palenenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod, sponge spicule and the rock character, it's suggested that the grayish green mudstone at the basal Wufeng Formation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100meters deep water, the Guanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation in water with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level change cycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascending order: 20～120m, 80～130m, about 150m, 50～250m, and in excess of 200m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130m、大约150m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200m。

Persculptus to Parakidograptus acuminatus Zones, could be recognized during the interval. In addition, the abundance changes of the radiolaria at the Goujiaya and Datangkou sections were coincided with the sea-level changes, and correlatable with the synchorous 5 fluctuations of the sea-level in North America and Africa. So above-mentioned 5 cycles could represent the eustasies during the latest Ordovician to the earliest Silurian.

在这2个剖面上，放射虫丰度变化也表现出相似的规律，与笔石和腕足类的形态、分异度和丰度变化所反应的海平面升降大体一致，和北美、非洲同期海平面的5次波动可以对比，据此指出，以上5次海平面旋回代表了晚奥陶世晚期至志留纪初期全球性海平面变化。

After the Precambrian Era, such marine invertebrate animal as trilobites, achiopods, nautiloids, horn corals, honeycomb corals and twiglike bryozoans were abundant during the Palaeozoic Era.

在前寒武纪之后的古生代，是无脊椎动物的繁衍时期，例如三叶虫、腕足类、头足类、角状珊瑚、蜂巢珊瑚和苔藓动物。

Shelly creatures such as trilobites and brachiopods, of whose ancestors there is little sign in the rocks, are suddenly everywhere.

像三叶虫和腕足类一样的贝壳类生物是谁的祖先在岩石中得到一点提示，这些东西到处都是。

Sponges, corals and brachiopods (a once-widespread group that looka bit like bivalve molluscs) were particularly badly hit.

海绵、珊瑚、以及&腕足类动物&（一种在地球上广泛分布的看似双壳类的软体动物）的生存就受到了尤为巨大的冲击。

Sponges, corals and brachiopods (aonce-widespread group that looka bit like bivalve molluscs) wereparticularly badly hit.

海绵、珊瑚、以及&腕足类动物&（一种在地球上广泛分布的看似双壳类的软体动物）的生存就受到了尤为巨大的冲击。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。