腔形成

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

These critical spermatozoal functions are acquired in the epididymis where a specific luminal environment is created by the blood-epididymal barrier; proteins secreted by epididymal principal cells bind to maturing spermatozoa and regulate the maturational process of the spermatozoa.

精子功能在附睾特殊的管腔环境中获得，这一环境是由血-附睾屏障来维护。附睾主细胞分泌的蛋白与精子结合并调控精子的成熟。附睾中细胞-细胞间的相互作用通过粘附连接和紧密连接形成。

Platelets: adhere to subendothelial tissue and r se PDGF which can lead to DNA synthesis and proliferation of SMCs; aggregate on the damaged site and give rise to thrombi formation.

2血小板：粘附于暴露的胶原组织，释放PDGF，促进SMC增生；在损伤部位聚集，形成血栓，此后机化造成管腔狭窄。

The sac structure projected through the pollen aperture possesses the typical nature of transfer cell, i. e complex lybrinthian wall ingrowth and abundant mitochondria, RER, dicotysomes and ribosomes under the wall. Its outer surface is closely related to the tapetal protoplast. The accumulation of storaged material in pollen start at the area near the apertures. Above restults indicate the pollen apertures may be the"door"from where nutrition flows into pollen in P. hortorum.

绒毡层物质向花粉粒的短途运输明显的表现在花粉的萌发孔区，一方面形成向外突起的囊腔，另一方面在这里具有发达的壁迷宫，而且迷宫下具丰富的线粒体，RER和高尔基体等细胞器，此外花粉内贮藏物的大量积累首先从萌发孔附近开始以及萌发孔处与绒毡层有紧密接触都说明天竺葵花粉萌发孔可能是物质进入花粉的&门户&。

The representative characteristic of the gland is that its intima and media are not ring form like those of general blood vessels but reculodromous and they extend to ducts cavity from different places and join each other to form tortuose reticulated vessels which have different shapes and sizes in diameter.

颈动脉腺的最大特点是中膜和内膜并不像一般血管形成环圈状，而是从不同部位向管腔突出延伸、相互连接构成大小不一、形状各异、迂回曲折的网状血管。

OsteoSet absorbed at 24 weeks after operation, more than 80% bone cavities were filled with bone trabecula, new bone linked with the normal bone natural.

术后6个月99.1%的颗粒被吸收，超过80%病例的骨空腔已形成良好的骨小梁结构，新骨经重塑形变的与周围的正常骨自然连接。

After this, the refilling of embolized tracheary elements can resuscitate water transport in some embolized tracheary elements, and maintain normal physiological functions of some organs.

当植物重新获得水分时，已形成腔隙和栓塞的管状细胞的重新充注能使一部分管状细胞的输水功能得到恢复，从而保证了一些器官的生理功能的正常进行。

When plants are under drought stress or suffer from freezing_thawing cycles, water vapor or air occurs in tracheary elements, i.e, cavitation and embolism occurs in tracheary elements of plants.

在干旱和冬季反复冻融循环以后，植物体内的管状细胞容易充满水蒸气和空气，形成腔

During the wall thickening, the number of Golgi bodies increased apparently and cytoplasm was filled with Golgi vesicles. Polylamellate structure of the secondary wall appeard, Along with the further development of tracheary elements, the nucleous disappeared and organelles were decreased, while cortical microtubules were arranged neatly against the inner side of plasmalemma.

初生壁与质膜之间有间隔较规律的次生壁突起；中期，线粒体和高尔基体的数量明显增加，细胞质中几乎充满高尔基体及其囊泡，次生壁中微纤丝已成有序排列；晚期，细胞核消失，导管中央形成空腔，细胞器迅速减少，仅观察到少量高尔基体和线粒体，有大量周质微管沿细胞长轴分布，且在次生壁的周围有大量小泡附着，次生壁的分层结构清晰可见。

As for recurrence, the avoidance of a too-large postoperative tympanomastoid space, the establishment of a patent epi-mesotympanic route, and the preservation of adequate middle ear mucosa should be emphasized.

而避免术后中耳乳突腔过大，使上、中鼓室交通良好，以及尽量保持完整的中耳黏膜层，则是防止鼓膜再凹陷，再度形成胆脂瘤的良方。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。