腔

Methods:Fifty paired embalmed cadaveric humeri (twenty-five pairs:fourteen from male donors and eleven from female donors) were scanned in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior position according to the humeral retroversion by CT. Images of the humeri in the transverse planes at the lowest border of neck,20mm and 40mm distal of LBN(LBN-20、LBN-40), isthmus, head-neck anterior-posteriorwere obtained. Sixty-one extracortical and intracortical parameters were measured exactly by image analytic computer software that included offset, head position, head-shaft angle, head to tuberosity height, head thickness, curvature radius, articular surface arc, neck diameter, isthmus position, proximal and distal border of isthmus, maximum coronal and sagittal diameter of medullary canal and thickness of cortical bone in four planes, including LBN, LBN-20,LBN-40 and isthmus.

50根成对防腐肱骨(男14对，女11对)按肱骨头扭转角置于冠状位和矢状位，行肱骨全长，头颈矢状面，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm，髓腔狭窄部四平面CT扫描，由CT软件测量冠、矢状位髓腔内外参数共61项，包括头心—干轴距，头位置，头干角，头—结节高度差，头厚度，头半径，关节面张角，解剖颈直径，髓腔狭窄部位置，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm和狭窄部四个平面髓腔的最大冠、矢状径，皮质骨厚度等。

When the piston in the cylinder-side movement from left to right, the left cylinder cavity as a result of increasing the volume of the left cavity space constant pressure to reduce, when the space left inside the pressure chamber below the pump pressure containers, according to the principle of balance of gas pressure and was pumping the gas container valve 5 after smoke was continuously pumped into the left cavity, at this time is in the process of breathing.

当活塞在气缸内从左端向右端运动时，由于气缸的左腔体积不断增大，左腔空间的压强不断的降低，当左腔空间内的压强低于被抽容器内的压强，根据气体压强平衡的原理，被抽容器内的气体经过吸气阀5不断地被抽进左腔，此时正处于吸气过程。

（1） In common cavity malformation, in addition to the abnormal bony labyrinth such as the cochlea, vestibule and lateral semicircular canal, the inner ear perceptive organ such as the saccule, utricle and scala media were also abnormal.（2） Though we could not identify the basal membrane and sensory epithelia under micro-endoscopy, the utricle and saccule could be clearly identified.（3） During cochlear implantation in common cavity malformation, electrode insertion should be monitored under micro-endoscopy, the electrodes should be put close to the anterior wall of the cavity, otherwise the vestibular organ may be damaged.

（1）共同腔畸形极重度聋患者不仅前庭、外半规管和耳蜗的骨性结构形态发生了变化，而且腔内耳蜗中阶与前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的膜迷路结构形态也发生了变化；（2）微窥镜下分辨不出基底膜或听神经细胞的形态结构，可见畸形前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的囊性结构；（3）进行共同腔畸形人工耳蜗植入手术时，应在耳蜗内镜的监视下，将电极摆放到准确位置，尽可能贴近共同腔的前壁，不应损伤前庭器官。

A matrix display device comprises cavities (20) having walls at least one of which is covered with a material (24) having a secondary emission coefficient of more than unity.

一种矩阵显示装置，包括具有腔壁的空腔(20)，所述腔壁中至少一个腔壁上覆盖了具有大于单位一的二次发射系数的材料(24)。

Then the cultivated chondrocytes were embedded in fibrin glue fused on spongy bone, covered with priosteal flap; the complex was used to repair the femoral trochlea osteochondral defect which size is 3mm × 4mm × 4mm made in rabbit knee joint.

在A组的每只兔子的一侧膝关节股骨滑车部人为造成3mm×4mm的骨软骨缺损，骨刀切除软骨下骨到髓腔渗血为止(厚约4mm)，压迫后FG止血；取髂骨骨块，并尽可能保留松质骨，取下的骨块用PBS反复清洗，以除去血细胞，将松质骨填充在骨缺损处，松质骨面朝向关节腔，高度与周边软骨下骨齐平，把骨膜片生发层朝向关节腔，用无创伤缝合线缝合在周边的软骨或滑膜组织上；向EP管中加入1/2悬液体积的FG主体胶溶液并混匀，再与主体胶等体积的催化剂溶液一同注射入骨膜与骨块密闭的腔隙中；同理处理另一侧膝关节。B组处理与A组相比只是不加入软骨细胞；C组造成骨软骨缺损，FG覆盖创面后单纯用骨膜修复缺损。

The first phase is the aria been created by trouper through imitating; the second phase is trouper creates as well as embellishes the aria by himself; the third phase is composer creates the aria but trouper just embellishes it.

对于陈派唱腔的形成过程，文章认为经历了"演员唱腔模仿期"、"演员创腔润腔一体期"和"作曲家创腔演员润腔分离期"三个阶段。

Adjusting insertion depth of the tuning screw pin at any moment can reach tuning effect to make waveguide device match to load of resonant cavity well in order to adapt to everchanging equivalent load of resonant cavity in course of working so as to realize real time control of energy coupling. The invention helps to increase working accuracy and efficiency of PCVD technique, and prevent damage on system device from microwave so as to raise useful service life of system. Features are: simple structure, stable performance, convenient for fabrication.

本发明通过在谐振腔设置调谐销钉，可随时调节销钉的插入深度来达到调谐的效果，能使波导装置很好地与谐振腔负载匹配，以适应加工过程中谐振腔等效负载的不断变化，实现能量耦合的实时控制；同时有助于提高PCVD工艺的加工精度和效率，避免微波对系统器件的损坏，提高等离子体谐振腔微波系统的有效使用寿命；本发明还具有结构简单，性能稳定，便于加工和制作的特点。

The tumors ranged from 7 to 26 cm (mean 13.2 cm). The gross appearance was variable: unilocular cyst with a thin wall (4 cases), predominantly cystic with papillary areas or nodule (8 cases), multiloculated cyst with or without nodules (1 case each), and predominantly solid with cystic areas (4 cases).

肿瘤大小7至26cm（平均13.2cm），大体外观各异：薄壁的单房囊腔（4例）、囊腔内含乳头或结节（8例）、多房性囊腔内含或不含结节（各1例）、主体实性伴囊腔（4例）。

In this dissertation, InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser and its characterization were presented. Some conclusions are as following: the characteristics of lasing threshold was discussed by using rate equation. The dependent relations between threshold and cavity volume, spontaneous emission coupling efficiency β were investigated. The whispering gallery mode and spontaneous emission in a microdisk geometry were then studied. Almost all spontaneous emission was coupled into the lowest order TE mode when the normalized thickness of photonics well was between 0.15 and 0.5. The design principle and device process of InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser were presented. The microdisk lasers with the diameter of 8μm, 4. 5μm and 2μm were succesfully fabricated by using etching techniques. The pulse lasing thresholds for the microdisk with the diameter of 8μm and 4. 5μm were 170μW and 15μW, a record results compared with the published in the literature. The cw lasing threshold for a 2-μm-diameter microdisk was only a few μW. We haven't found similar report up to now. To solve the problem of directional output in a microdisk laser, the power coupling efficiency in a double disk geometry was investigated with the theory of waveguide mode couple. A new structure of electrically pumped microdisk laser with output waveguide was designed, making a foundation for the practical use of microdisk laser.

本文主要研究InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱半导体碟型激光器的研制和特性表征，并取得如下结果：利用速率方程理论讨论了激光器激射阈值的特性，分析了阈值与腔体积和自发发射耦合系数β之间的关系；讨论了微碟光子阱结构中的自发发射特性和微碟中WGM模式特性；光子阱结构在其归一化厚度在0.15-0.5之间时，几乎全部自发发射进入到最低阶TE模式中；研究了InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱微碟激光器的结构设计原理和器件的制备工艺；利用刻蚀方法成功制备出直径分别为8μm、4.5μm、2μm的碟型微腔激光器；直径8μm和4.5μm的微碟脉冲光泵浦激射阈值分别为170μW、15μW，是目前所见文献报导中比较低的；直径2μm的微碟连续光泵浦激射阈值仅几μW，目前尚未见到达到类似结果的研究报导；为解决微碟激光器激射光定向引出的问题，通过波导耦合模理论分析了双层碟之间功率耦合效率；据此设计了新型带耦合输出波导的电泵浦微腔激光器，为进一步研制可实用的电泵浦微腔激光器打下基础。

By adopting an intracaity flat surface with low reflectivity and controlling the ratio of subcavity lengths, the repetition rate of this compact femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser can be multiplied from 100 MHz to 500 MHz in femtosecond regime. Repetition rate higher than 1GHz can also be achieved.

接著我们置入一个低反射率的腔内平面，将共振腔分为两个次腔，透过次腔长度比例的控制，我们可以将飞秒脉冲的重覆率从100百万赫兹倍增到500百万赫兹，甚至到更高的十亿赫兹以上。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。