腐蚀的

Without delicate internal components to break, abrade or corrode, the Lake flow transmitter will provide many years of low-maintenance service.

微妙的内部元件没有打破，研磨或腐蚀，湖流量变送器将提供低维修服务多年。

So the proposed method in this dissertation not only meet the requirements for fossil-fuel unit set in GB/T 12145-1999, but also can effectively restrain condensate and feed water system corrosion. Thereby the proposed method can reduce the loss by corrosion's leading accident, lower Fe content in boiler feed water, slow the boiler's scaling speed, delay boiler's chemical cleaning interval, effectively enhance unit's reliability, usability and using life and solve the problem of poisonous chemical deoxidant. So the proposed method can economize substantial expense for power plant.

所以，本文所提出的汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况不但能满足GB/T12145-1999中对火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备的要求，而且可有效抑制凝结水和给水系统的腐蚀，减少因这些部位腐蚀损坏而引发的事故停机损失，降低锅炉给水中的金属含量，减轻炉内的结垢速度，延长锅炉的酸洗间隔，有效提高机组的可靠性、可用率和使用寿命，同时也解决了有毒化学除氧剂的使用问题，为电厂节省大笔运行费用。

The resul ts indicated:(1) When micrococcus existed,carbon steel corrosion was accelerated by a loose and heterogeneous biofilm formed on its surfaces;(2)Rpo an d Cc values were close after two days and four days immersion respectively in solutions with micrococcus,which indicated that the metabolization of bacteria became sta ble,and the biofilms under two conditions were tend to be ripe and accordant;(3) The equivalent circuits for situations without or with bacteria were proposed respectively,and the parameters in circuits were also calculated;and (4) Corrosi on reaction impedance with micrococcus showed dispersion effect.

结果表明：（1）小球菌存在时试样表面上所形成的疏松、不均匀的生物膜加速了碳钢的腐蚀过程；（2）有菌存在时暴露2 d、4 d的Rpo值和C c值较为接近，表明细菌的生长代谢过程渐趋于稳定，两种暴露条件下所形成的生物膜趋向于成熟一致；（3）分别提出了有菌和无菌条件下EIS的等效电路，并计算了相应的等效元件参数；（4）小球菌影响下腐蚀反应的阻抗行为存在弥散效应。

The corrosion fatigue crack growth and near-threshold characteristcsof high tensile steel HT60 were investigated by using the compact specimens underexposure to synthetic sea water. The da/dN vs △K_ relation in air may be conser-vetivel estimated for that in sea water. In the high △K region with high stressratio, owing to the acceleration of crack growth promoted by stress-induced dissol-ution, the crack opening stress intensity factor K_ represents only the result ofcrack surface in contact with corrosion products, so as to give an overestimation ofK_ at crack tip.

对高拉力钢HT60的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性和门槛值区域特性，采用紧凑拉伸试件在人工海水中进行了实验和研究，结果表明：在空气中的da/dN与ΔK_关系可以作为在海水中的da/dN与ΔK关系的一个偏保守的预测；在高应力比的高ΔK区域，由于应力诱起溶解促进了裂纹扩展的加速；该裂纹开口应力强度因子K_仅反映了裂纹表面同腐蚀生成物接触的结果，从而导致了K_在裂纹尖端的偏大的估计结果。

We prepared the ordered porous alumina membrane by a two-step anodization method in oxalic or sulfuric acids, which is a self-ordered hexagonal array of cells with an adjustable pore diameter of 20-150nm and a different pore structures (i.e. Y-branched, dendriform, toothed and torous ones). Furthermore, the template-electrodeposition, vapor-catalytic growth, and controlled chemical etching were developed for well-aligned carbon nanotubes and oxide nanopillars with adjustable diameter, Al2O3-AlN one-dimensional heterojunction, Y-junction and dendriform metal nanowires, as well as Y-junction, and torous carbon nanotubes. The resultant one-dimensional junctions were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM,HRTEM, and STM, and the field emission of the well-aligned carbon nanotubes and the luminescence of ZnO nanopillar array have also been mearsured.

完善和发展了阳极腐蚀法制备多孔氧化铝膜的方法，制备出了孔径在20-150nm之间可调和具有不同孔结构（如Y形、树枝状、锯齿状）的系列多孔氧化铝模板，在此基础上，利用电化学沉积、气相催化生长和化学控制腐蚀等方法，成功地生长出具有可调直径的碳纳米管和氧化物纳米柱有序阵列、Al2O3-AlN异质结纳米线、Y形和树枝状的金属纳米线以及Y形、藕节形和锯齿形的碳纳米管等多种一维结纳米材料及其阵列体系，探索了基于模板孔壁内沿生长一维结纳米材料的机制，较系统的研究了碳纳米管阵列的场发射性能和氧化锌纳米柱的发光性能，为低维纳米材料器件化提供了实验基础。

Based on the deterioration mechanism of corrosive medium, a lot of polymer such as ternary-polymer, adding-felt addition, hydrophobe and polypropylene fiber were added to enhance the performance of anti-corrosion, anti-penetration, conglutination and anti-cracking of original cementious material. The microstrure of cementious material was changed from the simplex hydration product of cement to the superposition structure of the hydrolysate of polymer and the hydration product of cement. A lot of the corrosive ions were prevented from the interior of concrete by this stable structure. The results of tryout indicated that the mending material has the good effect at the corrosion form of corrosive medium.

根据介质腐蚀形式的劣化机理，该文以提高修补材料耐腐蚀性能、抗渗透性能、粘结性能和抗裂性能为出发点，采用添加有机硅改性三元共聚物、增粘剂、孔隙憎水剂等多种聚合物和聚丙烯纤维对原水泥基材料进行改性，使得修补材料的内部微观结构从单纯的水泥水化产物转变成聚合物和水泥水化产物叠合的空间网状结构，这种稳定的结构能有效抵抗各种介质离子的侵蚀，在实际工程上的试用也显示出新修补材料良好的使用效果。

Zn-La alloys increase the overpotential ofhydrogen evolution, Tafel slope 〓 and polarization, decrease the corrosion current density, inhibitthe corrosion of zinc electrode in alkaline solution, decrease anode Tafel slope 〓, promotedischarge reaction of zinc electrode, have higher passivation current density, inhibit thepassivation of zinc electrode, avoid the oversaturation of zincate in electrolyte, greatly increase〓 diffusion coefficient, decrease Tafel slope 〓, polarization and the overpotential of deposition,inhibit the dendrites formation and improve the electrodepostion of Zn.

实验结果表明，Zn-La合金电极显著改善了锌电极的各项电化学性能：提高析氢过电位、析氢过程Tafel斜率〓和极化，减小腐蚀电流密度，抑制锌电极在碱液中的腐蚀；降低阳极Tafel斜率〓，促进了锌电极的放电反应；具有较高的维钝电流密度，抑制锌电极的钝化；有效避免了溶液中锌酸盐的过饱和现象：使〓的扩散系数明显增大：降低Zn沉积过程的Tafel斜率〓、极化和沉积过电位，明显抑制锌枝晶的生长，改善了锌的电沉积性能。

The results show that wet air reduces both fatigue life and strength with the influence-factor of 0.6059 and 0.8722, respectively. Wet air environment enlarges the dispersivity of fatigue life, therefore using the corrosion-influence-factor obtained by eigenvalue or mean value to predict the fatigue life with high reliability will cause an unconservative conclusion.

结果表明，潮湿空气环境显著降低了2024-T3铝合金的疲劳性能，潮湿空气环境对其疲劳寿命特征值和疲劳强度均值的影响系数分别为0.6059和0.8722；在潮湿空气环境中疲劳寿命的分散性变大，用疲劳寿命的中值或特征值得到的腐蚀影响系数进行可靠度95%的腐蚀环境下的寿命修正，将得到偏危险的结果。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

Two kinds of silicon samples with distinct surface treatment, i. e., one surface was chemically etched and the other was unetched, were used to investigate the characteristics of leakage current and surface flashover of semiconductor under impulse voltage in vacuum. The experimental results showed that the surface conditions of samples affected these characteristics greatly. Before flashover, the Ohmic current was observed for unetched samples and the space charge limited current for etched samples, respectively. Meanwhile both samples showed quite different flashover tracks, and the surface-etched samples displayed a much higher onset voltage of flashover.

对采用和未采用表面化学腐蚀处理的半导体硅在冲击电压下的实验表明（参见 Zhang et al ， Applied Physics Letters， 2002），试品的表面状况对其泄漏电流和沿面闪络特性有着很大的影响：在沿面闪络之前，未经处理试品的泄漏电流表现为 Ohm 性电流，而表面处理过的试品表现为空间电荷限制电流特性；同时两类试品表面的闪络通道也表现出不同的特征，而采用表面化学腐蚀处理可以明显提高其沿面闪络电压。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。