腐蚀

After the analysis in Hulunber 301 section, the corrosion occurs mainly in inner corrosion and the outer corrosion is indistinctness. In affusion and heating system, the corrosion gives priority to oxygen corrosion, which the supplement of animalcule corrosion and carbon dioxide corrosion. In life drinking water system, the corrosion in stainless steel jar and pipeline wall usually generate welding line corrosion.

分析发现：贝301区块发生的腐蚀以内腐蚀为主，外腐蚀不明显；注水系统和采暖系统以氧腐蚀为主，微生物腐蚀为辅；还发生了以氢去极化为主的二氧化碳腐蚀；生活饮用水系统不锈钢罐及管线内壁发生的腐蚀主要是焊缝腐蚀。

The result indicates that the high pH concrete pore solution can reduce corrosion of Cl~ on the carbonize steel.

结果表明，高pH值的混凝土孔隙液能减缓氯离子对碳钢的腐蚀；当pH≥13.6时，在NaC l浓度小于3%的混凝土孔隙液中，碳钢表面因生成钝化膜而不被腐蚀；当pH≤9时，混凝土孔隙液中无论是否存在C l-，碳钢均会被腐蚀；当pH=12.5时，混凝土孔隙液中NaC l浓度小于0.05%，碳钢则不被腐蚀；当混凝土孔隙液中的C l-浓度达到临界氯离子浓度时，碳钢表面的钝化膜开始损坏而被腐蚀，碳钢的腐蚀速度随着C l-浓度的增加而增大。

Corrupter 腐蚀者- The corruptor attacks air units.

腐蚀者用于攻击空中单位。

Wear and corrosion involve mechanical and electrochemical mechanisms, and the combined action of these mechanisms often result in significant mutual reinforcement. To measure the effect on wear-corrosion resistance of the chemical and abrasion wear separately at the same time, wear-corrosion synergism rate is selected to indicate the nature and degree of the chemical and abrasion wear.

腐蚀磨损是同时涉及力学因素和电化学因素的复杂的材料的流失过程，通常条件下，腐蚀磨损不是纯磨损和纯腐蚀的简单叠加，还有两者间的协同作用，为定量描述腐蚀与磨损的促进程度、进一步完善腐蚀磨损机理，本文利用腐蚀磨损协同作用率值的大小来分析腐蚀和磨损的交互作用程度，结果表明：本文制备的镀层，在5％H_2SO_4溶液中腐蚀磨损时，机械磨损是造成镀层表面材料流失的主要原因，腐蚀和磨损的协同作用为次要因素。

In this paper, the free surface and the sticking miler surface of the ribbons after corrosion in HF solution at different corrosive depths were observed by AFM.

将310℃和540℃退火的样品在HF酸溶液中进行腐蚀，获得不同腐蚀深度的腐蚀表面，再用AFM观测其表面形貌，则发现：在310℃退火样品的腐蚀表面，自由面和贴辊面形貌各自随腐蚀深度的变化而变化，并且两表面形貌之间在腐蚀前期有差异，但后期无明显不同；而540℃退火样品的两个腐蚀表面，则不存在这样的变化和差异。

The property of no film, micro-arc oxidation film and chromate film influenced the corrosion of joint samples which was analyzed in same corrosive conditions by calculate the corrosion effects and observe macro-photograph micro-photograph. The corrosive regularity influenced by corrosive condition factors and the corrosion resistance of different thickness of micro-arc oxidation film also be compared.

采用减重法计算连接腐蚀效应并观察试样表面的腐蚀宏观及微观形貌，对比分析了无表面处理、铬化处理及微弧氧化处理在相同盐雾腐蚀条件下对减小镁合金-钢连接腐蚀作用的差异性以及盐雾腐蚀条件参数对镁合金-钢连接腐蚀的影响规律。

Following aspects are specially discussed:(1) In-situ study on the mechanism and the rate determining step of corrosion processes at the interface between metal and corrosion media;(2) Reliability of structures in corrosive environment;(3) In-situ non-destruction corrosion inspection, evaluation, repair and maintenance of engineering structures;(4) A new approach for material selection-life cycle costs, LCC;(5) Terotechnology;(6) Corrosion protection and environmental protection;(7) microbiologically influenced corrosion;(8) Computer aided design of corrosion protection;(9) Corrosion and protection of reinforced concrete structures;(10) Corrosion and protection of marine structures;(11) New development of coating and corrosion inhibitor etc.

论述了腐蚀科学与防护技术几个值得注意的发展动向，它们包括：(1)金属／腐蚀介质界面反应及其快速步骤的原位研究；(2)在腐蚀环境中结构的可靠性；(3)腐蚀的在线无损检测／评价和设备的维修保养；(4)材料优选的新方法－LCC；(5)防护系统工程学；(6)腐性防护与环境保护；(7)微生物腐蚀；(8)腐蚀防护的计算机辅助设计；(9)钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀防护；(10)海洋工程结构的腐蚀防护；(11)防护涂层和缓蚀剂的新发展等。

Chapter 4 describes the common types of corrosion, heat, oxygen, corrosion, equipment, heating equipment acid corrosion, Thermal stress corrosion equipment, boiler corrosion media concentration, Thermal equipment copper alloy corrosion and corrosion boiler flue gas side.

第四章则介绍了常见的腐蚀的类型，热力设备的氧腐蚀、热力设备的酸腐蚀、热力设备的应力腐蚀、锅炉的介质浓缩腐蚀、热力设备中铜合金的腐蚀及锅炉烟气侧腐蚀。

Corrosion monitoring of reinforcing steel in concrete with chloride iron environment has been studied in this paper. Electrochemcial methods have been used to explore the corrosion mechanics. Some corrosion monitoring methods for practical engineering have been discussed.Also, five-electrode corrosion sensor and all solid state-current confined corrosion snesor has been developed and the corrosion monitoring system has been setup. The corrosion monitoring system has been practiced in the RC beams.

本文对氯离子环境下混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的监测问题进行了研究，应用电化学方法揭示了混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的机理，给出了适合腐蚀监测实际工程应用方法，研制开发了五电极和全固态束流式两种腐蚀传感器，搭建了腐蚀监测系统，并在混凝土梁中进行了钢筋腐蚀监测实验。

A series of erosion-corrosion test has been done to J55 steel under the influence of current of gas-liquid phase by indoor self-made devices, and the corrosion mechanism of current of gas-liquid phase to oil pipe's inner surface has been got. The results show that oil pipe's inner surface will be corroded fleetly by liquid medium and corrosion products will form on it. But at the same time, the corrosion products or protective layer will be removed from the inner surface of steel pipes under the alternate impact of high speed gas and liquid flow, and on this bare steel surface corrosion film will form again and be removed again. Thus, by these ways the corrosion is exacerbated. Surface erosion-corrosion failure comes into being with the circulation of this process going on.

本文主要在气液两相流作用条件下，通过室内自制装置，对管材钢J55做了系列冲刷-腐蚀试验，结果表明，气液两相流对钢管内表面冲刷－腐蚀的机理是钢管内表面会受到液体介质的快速腐蚀，生成腐蚀产物，同时钢管金属表面不断被具有高流速的气液相交替地冲击，不断地从金属表面脱去保护膜或腐蚀产物，裸露的钢表面又会被介质快速腐蚀形成腐蚀膜后，再被两相流冲掉，如此反复，造成管内金属表面膜的连续破坏，使腐蚀加剧，最终导致钢铁表面的冲刷腐蚀失效。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。