腐泥

Among them, the black shale is rich in graptolite whose thickness is between 20~ 120 m and organic carbon content 0.4%~1.6%, and it mainly has type I organic matter, strong hydrocarbon generation capacity and high thermal evolution degree almost evolved to overmature stage.

四川盆地寒武系底部和志留系底部各存在一套良好的高成熟度、高有机质丰度、类型好的烃源岩，所生成的天然气均为腐泥型有机质形成的油型气，均可作为页岩气的勘探目标。

Results show that obduction and napper were main tectonic movements in late Indosinian-early Yanshan period of Lower Yangtze Region, and most areas were elevated and denudated. Source rocks of lower-Paleozoic in some areas did not deep bury renewedly, and remain the Indosinian thermal evolution state. Therefore the high maturity sapropelic organic matter of lower-Paleozoic has still possessed hydrocarbon generation potential.

研究结果表明，晚印支-早燕山期，下扬子区的构造运动以逆冲推覆为主，大部分地区遭到抬升剥蚀，部分地区下古生界烃源岩抬升后晚期没有再度深埋，保留了印支期的热演化状况，因此下古生界高成熟腐泥型烃源岩现今仍具有一定的生烃潜力。

The sharp difference suggests that they have different origins: the former comes from allochthonous sapropel-type organisms of the lower strata and is the remains of crude oil, and the latter is autochthonous humic-type organic matter of sedimentary rocks between the basalt layers.

玄武岩中铜矿石沥青的δ13CV-PDB为-27.3‰～-33.2‰，平均-31.97‰，沉积岩中铜矿石碳质的δ13Cv-PDB为-20.2‰～-23.2‰，平均-22.11‰，表明二者无明显成因联系，前者属腐泥型，为石油的遗迹，来自下部地层；后者为腐植型，来自原地沉积的陆生高等植物。

In a view of the theory of the traditional oil and gas formation it is considered that the oil and gas resources buried in sedimentary basins are generated by OM in source rocks during thermal evolution and marine, lacustrine sapropel and humic-sapropel OM is the mater of the formation of considerable oil and gas but coal-measure strata is relatively bad source rocks, being considered that they can not generate significant amounts of oil and gas.

传统的石油天然气成因理论认为蕴藏于沉积盆地的油气资源是由烃源岩中的有机母质在热演化过程中形成的，而且是海相或者湖相腐泥型和腐泥－腐殖混合型的有机质有利于形成大量的石油和天然气，而煤系地层相对是较差的烃源，认为这种烃源岩不能形成大量的油气。

Microorganism not only is a kind of hydrocarbon- generating components participating in sedimentary organic matter formation directly, but also can impel "humic" organic matter to transform into "sapropel" organic matter, so as to improve organic type and raise hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks.

微生物不仅本身能做为生烃成分，直接参与沉积有机质形成，而且还可使&腐殖型&有机质转向&腐泥化&，改善有机质类型，提高源岩的生烃潜力。

The mineralogical and geochemical research on grey-brown laminatedmud stone, oil shale of Shahejie Formation Member 1 of Gulan Subsag found that the content of sapropel was all over 97% and the content of organic matter and chloroform bituments "A" was over 1% and 0.1% respectively in 35 samples. The organic matter belonged to type I and reached the standard of good source rocks.

对孤南洼陷沙一段灰褐色纹层泥岩和油页岩、深灰色油泥岩、深灰色泥岩、灰质泥岩样品进行岩矿及地球化学分析，35块样品的腐泥组含量全部大于97％，表明生烃母质主要为藻类，为Ⅰ型有机质，所有样品的有机碳含量都＞1，氯仿沥青&A&含量＞0.1，全部达到&好烃源岩&标准，是该地区的一套优质烃源岩。

Based on the comparison of oil-rich and gas-rich sag s in the Bohai Bay basin,two main controlling factors of gas reservoir-forming are summarized: gas-rich sag s have source rock of partial humic or high maturation sapropel type;thick abnormal pressure mudstone in lower Tertiary is the cap,or "quilt".

对比研究渤海海域及周边陆地油区主要气田特征，发现渤海海域天然气成藏的主控因素有两点：存在相对富气凹陷，气源岩为偏腐殖型或高成熟腐泥型；富气凹陷的古近系发育高压异常厚层泥岩封盖层。

Under the effect of "structure effect", carbon isotope value of coaliferous gas generated from humus is greater than that of petroliferous gas generated from sapropelic substance if they have same maturity.

受&结构效应&的影响，相同成熟度条件下，由腐殖型有机质生成的煤型气碳同位素值比由腐泥型有机质生成的油型气的重。

Considing the geological setting of the source rocks and the secondary hydrocarbon generation factors of primary maturity, major hydrocarbon generation stage and the organic matter type,two series of samples of humic and sapropelic organic matter had been selected.

根据烃源岩发育的地质背景，综合考虑二次生烃的原始成熟度、主要生烃阶段、有机质类型等因素，用高压釜和热解生烃模拟实验完成人工模拟和自然演化系列的两组样品腐植型和腐泥型共16个。

Dark mudstones were developed in the maximum lake flooding period of Chang 7,which are the main source rocks.

延长组长7段最大湖泛期发育一套暗色泥岩，干酪根类型为腐植-腐泥型，是盆地主要生油岩。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。