腐殖质

The above-described organic matter can remain in the soil a longer time is also more stable humus.

上述几种有机质中，能在土壤中保持时间较长又较稳定的是腐殖质。

Pure water is clear, achromaticity, natural water often showing a certain color, which mainly comes from plant leaves, bark, roots, humus and soluble inorganic minerals and sediment, su*ce water polluted by industrial waste water will make the water color extremely complex.

纯净的水是无色透明的，自然水时常呈现出一定的色彩，它主要来源于植物的叶、皮、根、腐殖质和可溶性无机矿事物和泥砂等，地面水受工业废水污染后可使水色变患上极为复杂。

It is worth noting that Russia's land is very fertile, as the founder of the Russian agrology Dokukin恰耶夫pointed out, the black soil zone is Russia's main source of wealth, Russia's black earth has lost 20%-50% of humus, However, it is still the world's most fertile soil.

值得注意的是，俄罗斯的土地非常肥沃，正如俄罗斯土壤学奠基人多库恰耶夫指出的那样，黑土地带是俄罗斯的主要财富，俄罗斯的黑土地曾丢失了20%-50%的腐殖质，但仍是世界上最肥沃的土壤。

Clay particles resulting from volcanic ash weathering (allophane, imogolite and humus-Al complexes) have a very reactive surface.

火山灰风化形成的水铝萤石、伊利缟石和腐殖质-Al复合体粘土颗粒表面非常活跃。

The effects of microbial inoculant on humification and humus qualityare studied.The results show that inoculating Phanerochaete chrysosporiumin second fermentation phase of composting could promote the formation ofhumus,increase the humus content,and reduce the humification time by 7days.

通过考察接种微生物对堆肥腐熟程度及成品腐殖质含量的影响，发现在堆肥二次发酵阶段接种黄孢原毛平革菌能优化控制腐殖质的形成，提高了总腐殖质含量，增强了堆肥成品的腐熟程度，并使堆肥腐熟时间缩短了7d左右。

The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc can be increased, and the contents of hydrolizable nitrogen and their forms , Fe-P, Al-P, Ca〓-P, all organic P forms, exchangeable and organic iron, manganese, copper, zinc are increased obviously in long-term application organic manure soil. Not only the contents of soil readily oxidizable carbon, humic acid, fuluic acid, and HA/FA value are increased and Kos value decreased but also the available nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc are kept more high level in the organic manure soils. Long-term mulching straw has similar role with organic manure for soil nutrient except for decreasing total phosphorus, available P, N and Ca〓-P, but its fertilizer efficiency is not better than organic manure.

有机肥还具有提高土壤易氧化碳和松结态腐殖质含量，降低kos值，提高土壤HA、FA含量及其比值的作用，使土壤中有效态氮、磷、铁、锰、铜和锌含量处于中上等水平；长期秸秆还田除了不增加土壤全磷、有效氮和磷等外，对其他养分的作用效果与有机肥相似，但其肥效不如有机肥；长期氮磷化肥单施，土壤全氮和磷增加，有机质、铁、锰、铜和锌含量下降，易氧化碳、松结态腐殖质、HA和FA含量、kos和HA/FA值下降；长期不施肥土壤有机质、全氮等养分处于消耗状态。

Good correlations were obtained between aromatic ring destruction and trichloroacetic acid , but dichloroacetic acid production were related to not only activated aromatic ring but also nitrogenous type structures such amino acid type structure.

从腐殖质的结构特性与卤乙酸的相关性分析，得出三氯乙酸的形成主要与腐殖质的芳香环的断裂有关。DCAA的形成则与腐殖质上芳香环和含氮官能团的多少有关。

This paper reviewed the research on dynamic and balance of soil nutrient pool under long-term fertilization conditions,mainly about some active aspects which included dynamic variations of total nitrogen,available N,total phosphorus,available P,total potassium,available K,and organic carbon in soil; dynamic variations of ammonium N,amino acid N,amino sugar N,unknown N,non hydrolyzable N and microbiomass N in soil nutrient pool; changes of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P,labile organic P,moderately labile organic P,moderately stable P,highly stable P and microbiomass P in soil; changes of loosely,stably and tightly combined humus,humic and fulvic acids in soil carbon pool; effects of long-term fertilization on organic-mineral complex status in soil; nutrients cycling and balance of agricultural soil nutrients pool.

扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化，土壤有机碳含量的动态变化；铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化；Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷，活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化；土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化；长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响；农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。

The application of flotation for the removal of humic compounds was investigated by using it as a possible post-treatment process of simulated landfill leachates after biological treatment.

生活垃圾渗滤液经生物法处理后含有较多的难降解腐殖质，为此开展了利用浮选法去除渗滤液中腐殖质的后处理研究，并考察了影响浮选效率的主要因素。

The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus,which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.

表土层是由岩石小颗粒混杂着被称为腐殖质的腐烂动植物的有机质组成的。这些腐殖质是黑色的，使表土层也呈现出了深色。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。