脾脏的

The result of study shows: Compared with contrast group, the leaf glucoside of the ginseng can promote chickens to resist the production of NDV antibody; The leaf glucoside of the ginseng has facilitation to the development of the pigeon breast gland, have inhibition on the development of chickens spleen, Different influence of bursa because of different way when giving the medicine; Ginseng leaf glucoside can formed ability of nucl

研究结果表明：与对照组相比，人参叶皂武能促进鸡杭NDV杭体的产生；人参叶皂武对鸡胸腺的发育有一定的促进作用，对鸡脾脏的发育有一定抑制作用，对法氏囊的影响由于给药方式不同而异；人参叶皂武能使鸡单核一巨噬细胞系统吞噬能力增强。

Among them VLP- 1 100 mg / kg d acts best, the transition rate of achroacyte reach 65.5013%, each VLP -1 dosage has apparent effects to the live weight gain of normal rats' immunization organic, VLP-1 50 mg / kg d and 100 mg / kg d have sorely significantly live weight gain function to thymus and milt, when VLP-1 is 25 mg / kg d, the thymus weight increase sorely significantly while milt increase not too much.

各VLP一1剂量对正常小鼠免疫器官的增重均有明显作用，其中VLP一1在50 mg/kg.d、100 mg/kg·d剂量下对胸腺、脾脏有极显著地增重作用，在25mg/kg 。d 剂量下极显著地增加胸腺重量，而对脾脏增重无影响；粗多糖仅在100mg/kg·d 剂量下对脾脏增重有明显作用外，其余各剂量对正常小鼠胸腺、脾脏增重无影响。

The results of study show:1. White pulp and red pulp in parenchyma of spleen of embryo can be obviously discerned after 18 days. Periarterial lymphoid sheath and ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath also can be obviously discerned in spleen of 4 days chicken. T, B lymphocytes in appendix basement of embryo emerge after 20 days. It is the initial shape of cecal tonsil. Crypt structure of conjunction of esophago and stomachus glandularis form obviously at 4 days. It is the initial shape of esophago tonsil. The germinal center firstly emerges in these three organs at 14 days. With the increase of day age, the characteristic structure peripheral immune organs gradually develop mature. Spleen achieve mature at 21 days and cecal tonsil at 35 days.2. IgM~+ and IgA~+ cells in spleen of embryo emerge at 15 days. IgG~+ cell, CD3~+ and CD8~+T lymphocytes of embryo emerge at 20 days. CD3~+, CD8~+ and IgM~+ cells in cecal tonsil of embryo emerge at 20 days. However CD4~+, IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells all emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust. CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+, IgM~+ and IgG~+ cells in esophago tonsil of embryo all emerge at 20 days. However IgA~+ cells emerge in 1 day age chicken out of crust.3. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in peripheral immune organs increase follow with the increase of day age, and hold an upgrade tendency. The amount of T, B lymphocytes in spleen achieved stabilization at 21 days, and in tonsil of esophago and appendix at 35 days.

研究结果表明：1、在组织结构方面，脾脏实质内的白髓与红髓在胚胎18日龄后明显可辨，4日龄雏鸡脾脏中形成明显可辨的动脉周围淋巴鞘和椭球周围淋巴鞘；盲肠基部T、B淋巴细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，即初步形成盲肠扁桃体；食管与腺胃结合处在4日龄时形成明显的隐窝结构，即食管扁桃体初步形成；14日龄时，三种器官中首次出现生发中心；随着日龄的增长，外周免疫器官特征结构不断发育成熟，脾脏在21日龄时达到成熟水平，盲肠扁桃体和食管扁桃体在35日龄时达到成熟水平。2、在T、B淋巴细胞出现时间方面，脾脏中IgM~+和IgA~+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现，IgG~+细胞、CD3~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现，CD4~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时出现；盲肠扁桃体中CD3~+、CD8~+和IgM~+细胞在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而CD4~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞均在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现；食管扁桃体中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、IgM~+和IgG~+细胞均在胚胎20日龄时开始出现，而IgA~+细胞则在雏鸡出壳后1日龄时出现。3、在T、B淋巴细胞数量变化方面，外周免疫器官中T、B淋巴细胞的数量随日龄增长，整体均呈上升趋势。

But it is still need further study for the precise evaluation of function of the spleen, especially the spleen on the pathologic state, clarification of the pathogenesis of hypersplenism, and the relationship between spleen and other organs.

然而要确切评价脾脏功能尤其是病理状态下的脾脏功能，清楚阐明脾功能亢进的机制、脾脏与其它脏器的关系等一系列问题还有待于对其进行进一步的深入研究。

Each group of rats was kept in a separate cage. All of the rats drank water freely and were fed on stand food for rats.The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Indexes to be examined are as follows:⑴spleen T lymphocyte transform value,⑵spleen NK cell activation alternation value,⑶abdominal cavity macrophagocyte IL-1 and IL-2 activation alternation value.

所有动物分笼饲养，各组均自由饮水，喂食标准鼠类饲料，实验时间为4周。4周后，ME组和FE组作一次性力竭游泳运动后和其他各组大鼠股动脉放血处死，留取血清，无菌取胸腺和脾脏，行以下指标检测：⑴脾脏T淋巴细胞转化值；⑵脾脏NK细胞毒活性的变化值；⑶腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1的活性变化值和脾脏分泌的IL-2的活性变化值。

The changes of muscle protein content and pH values were observed. Results Thymus and spleen coefficients in high and low dosage group were 9.1±2.3, 6.3±1.1, respectively, and those of in the controll were 6.5±1.6, 3.4±0.5.The contents of muscle protein (g/100 g) in high, medium, and low dose groups were 24.68±0.55, 22.48±0.54, 21.22±1.25, respectively, lower than that of the control (31.83±2.36, P.05). Paramorphia of lymphocyte in high dose ciprofloxacin treated group was observed.

结果 对照组胸腺和脾脏系数分别为(9.1±2.3)，(6.3±1.1)mg/g，高剂量组胸腺和脾脏系数分别为(6.5±1.6)，(3.4±0.5)mg/g，与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P.05或P.01）；而中、低剂量组的脾脏指数与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义(P.05)；环丙沙星各剂量组与对照组比较，肌肉pH值变化不明显；环丙沙星高、中、低剂量肌肉蛋白质含量分别为(24.68±0.55)，(22.48±0.54)，(21.22±1.25)g/100 g，与对照组(31.83±2.36)g/100 g比较明显下降(P.05)；与对照组比较，高剂量组脾淋巴细胞形态异常。

MethodsTo observe the effects of Xiaoshui powder on promoting extinction of tuberculous pleural fluid of Mus musculus albus with the administration route of lavage,counteracting Chronic hyperplastic inflammation ,and in their weight of thymus gland and spleen of mouse, as well as the level of serumal hemolysin.

方法运用灌胃给药途径观察其对小鼠在促进结核性胸水的消退、抗慢性增生性炎症中的作用及其对小鼠胸腺、脾脏的重量和血清溶血素水平的影响。

Results: 1. The value of all experimental indexes decreased significantly after heat stress, and reached the lowest at the time 2-8 hours after heat stress. This indicates that the immunity of the mice is damaged to the largest extent at 2-8 hours after heat stress. 2. L-arginine supplementation with appropriate dose could remit the acute atrophying of thymus and spleen tissue caused by heat stress. 3. After L-arginine supplementation with appropriate dose, the lymphocyte proliferation, the level of concentration of IL-2 and * expression of IL-2R raised in the group with room temperature; in the heat stress group the level of three indexs decrease significantly. Furthermore, the decrease of the group given 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine is the smallest. This result indicates that the concentration of 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine supplementation could remit the depressment of the immunity caused by heat stress. 4. The [Ca2~] in activated thymocytes of the group with L-arginine -2- supplementation is significantly higher than that of the group with water supplementation. This indicates that L-arginine supplementation could protect thymoeytes of mouse under heat stress. We also found that the fluorescence intensity of [Ca2~] in activated thymocytes of the group given 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine is the highest.

结果：1、热应激后小鼠的各项免疫指标均有显著性下降，其中在2.8小时降到最低，提示在这个时间段小鼠的免疫功能受到最大损害；2、适量补充精氨酸有助于缓解热应激导致小鼠胸腺和脾脏的急性萎缩；3、常温组，补充适量精氨酸后小鼠淋巴细胞增殖活性、IL-2的浓度及IL-2R的表达均有显著性上升，而热应激后三指标均显著降低，其中在精氨酸给予浓度为1.5mg/g.bw时三指标的降低程度最少，提示该浓度可最大程度缓解热应激对小鼠免疫功能的抑制；4、补充精氨酸组的活化胸腺细胞［Ca~(2+)］较给水组有显著性上升，说明精氨酸对热应激小鼠胸腺细胞具有保护作用，并发现在精氨酸给予浓度为1.5mg/g.bw时活化胸腺细胞的胞浆钙离子荧光强度达到最大；5、热应激后小鼠血清NO的浓度均有不同程度的上升，补充精氨酸后血清NO上升更加明显，但并非随精氨酸给予浓度的增加而增加。

The thymuses, spleens, sera and anticoagulant blood were collected after the rats were killed, to carry out these works:(1) Zinc concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry;(2) Body weight and the weight of thymuses and spleens were measured, the organ index were calculated;(3) Changes in pathology of thymus and spleen were observed;(4) Using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) method, the apoptosis of thmocytes and spleen lymphocytes was checked;(5) The expression of bcl-2、bax mRNA in thymus and spleen were detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction);(6) The expression of p56〓, a signal transduction protein in thymus and spleen were detected by immunohistochemistry;(7) Two-color cytofluorometric analysis was used to assess the expression of CD4, CD8, CD45RA and CD45RC in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

动物处死后留组织、抗凝血及血清，进行以下检测：(1)原子吸收法测血清锌浓度；(2)测胸腺、脾脏脏器重量并与大鼠体重比较，计算脏器指数；(3)HE染色对胸腺、脾脏进行病理观察；(4)原位末端标记法测胸腺、脾脏中淋巴细胞的自发凋亡，并通过图像分析进行比较；(5)逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测凋亡调控基因bcl-2、bax mRNA在免疫器官中的表达；(6)免疫组化方法检测信号转导蛋白p56〓在免疫器官中的表达；(7)流式细胞术分析外周血淋巴细胞中CD4+、CD8+、CD45RA+及CD45RC+CD4+、CD45RC-CD4+细胞的数量和比例。

The results display that the thymus-index, spleen-nidex, immune globulins of IgA, IgG, IgM and alexins of C3, C4 in the experiment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P.05); the spleen's lymphocytes translation stimulate indexes in the experiment groups were higher than that of the control group at a significance level(P.01). The peritoneal macrophages can enhance the ability of swallowing. The ability of licking up neutral red was depended upon the dosage of drug.

与对照组相比，试验组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、免疫球蛋白和补体C3、C4都升高且显著水平为差异显著(P.05)；脾脏淋巴细胞转移刺激指数均极显著地高于对照组(P.01)， 75μg/mL组的脾脏淋巴细胞转移刺激指数达最高；腹腔巨噬细胞具有一定的吞噬能力，吞噬中性红能力与剂量成依赖关系。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失