脱层

It is revealed that the montmorillonite interlayer space has the essence of alterability based on the alterability of montmorillonite interlayer space.

从蒙脱石层间域具有可改造性出发，揭示了蒙脱石层间域具有可改造性的本质。

This method not only can make the silicate layers to achieve dispersion in the rubber matrix on a nanometer scale, but also can enhance the interfacial adhesion between the polymers and the inorganic layers, which suggests a new idea and a more convenient way for research and development of rubber/layered silicate nanocomposites.

该方法的特点是单体原位聚合时与橡胶大分子产生化学结合，同时实现对有机蒙脱土的插层，从而加强了有机-无机界面结合，实现了蒙脱土与橡胶之间的纳米级分散与复合，为制备性能优良的橡胶型插层纳米复合材料提供了一条新的思路。

In the first part, this paper makes use of the uniformity experiment method to choose the best remarkable factor and the optimized technics to affect montmorillonite modification, and analyses the structure of organized montmorillonite, intercalate mechanism and array mode of modifying agent in interlayer.

在第一部分中，本文利用均匀实验法选择出对蒙脱石有机化影响最显著的因素和最佳工艺条件，并分析了有机蒙脱石的结构、插层机理和层间有机链的排列模式。

To analyze and compare the microstructures and appearances of steel wires with different phosphatization quality treated simultaneously in the same continuous production line by means of microscopy and SEM.

利用金相分析及扫描电镜等方法对钢丝连续生产线上同时处理的磷化质量差异较大的钢丝进行金相组织和外观形貌对比分析，指出造成钢丝磷化质量相异的主要原因是钢丝表面存在脱碳组织，这种脱碳组织是线材表面脱碳造成的，并且线材的脱碳层厚度即使是在相关标准规定范围内，也会对连续作业线的钢丝磷化造成影响。

By temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, pillared saponite showed high strong acidity in the temperature range 350～650℃.

氨程序升温脱附实验发现铝柱皂石在350～650℃区间具有较强的氨脱附量，表明层柱皂石具有层柱蒙脱土所没有的强酸中心。

In order to require of the decarburized layer depth of T11A～T13A carbon tool steel wire rod up to the GB/T1298-1986 standard,the correspond heating processes for roughing soaking pit,pusher-type furnace for structural steel and rail and step-by-step furnace for wire were established based on the feature of T11A～T13A carbon tool and process technology in Pan Steel Co.

为使攀钢T11A～T13A碳素工具钢盘条的脱碳层深度满足GB/T12 98 1986标准的要求，根据T11A～T13A碳素工具钢的特点及攀钢的生产工艺，对初轧均热坑、轨梁推钢式加热炉及线材的步进式加热炉制定了相应的加热工艺，生产出的T11A～T13A碳素工具钢盘条的脱碳层全部满足GB/T12 98 1986标准的要求。

The results showed when the mass fraction of DBDPO/Sb2O3 composite flame retardant was 8%,the flame retardacy of the system came up to UL94 V0;when the adding amounts of tougheners were the same,the toughening effects of tougheners were as follows:POE-MAH PET/montmorillonite ; Flame Retardation ; Glass Fiber Reinforcement ; Toughener ; Compounding ; Mechanical Properties

中国纺织科学院采用插层聚合法制备了PET/层状硅酸盐纳米工程塑料，并获国家专利[1]。利用PET/蒙脱土层状硅酸盐为基体树脂，通过添加玻纤、阻燃剂、增韧剂制备可在低模温下成型的PET/蒙脱土玻纤增强阻燃工程塑料，解

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

However, none of these therapies can manage this complication perfectly. Different from complete ureteral avulsion, when mucosal avulsion happens, the ureteral muscular layer and membrana externa remain their continuity.

这些方法基本遵循了输尿管全层撕脱、断裂或部分缺损的处理原则，而忽视了输尿管粘膜剥脱时，肌层和外膜尚保持着良好的连续性这一现象。

Because of this property, water is preferentially adsorbed by these surfaces, and large organic compounds cannot compete with strongly held water for adsorption sites on the clay surfaces. Thus, Na-clays are ine_ective sorbents for small organic molecules. However, it is possible to modify the surface properties of clays greatly by neutralizing the anionic framework of layer silicates by using positively charged organic species such as alkylammonim ions. In the modi_ed form (HDTMA-bentonite), the clay surface may become organophilic and interact strongly with organic compounds. Textile dyes represent a relatively large group of organic chemicals. In an HDTMA-bentonite-dye system it is possible that adsorption may be enhanced by the hydrophobic interaction between the adsorbed dye molecule and HDTMA-bentonite.

O组给予亲水的性质到矿物表面，因为这水是吸附在这些表面，和大的有机化合物不能比有坚强的为了吸附位置在泥土表面，因而，Na—泥土是ine_ective吸附剂为了小的分子，希，它是可能的到更改的表面属性，泥土非常在抵销anionic层硅酸盐在用的结构 Positively负荷的物种例如alkylammonim离子，在mod i_ed形状，泥土表面可能变成organophilic和互相作用坚强地有机化合物，织物染料表现相关的大的组化学的，在HDTMA—斑脱土—染料系统它是可能的那吸附可能是提高在交互作用在中间吸附染料分子和HDTMA—斑脱土，interlamellarHDTMA的间隔—斑脱土是获得在substracting泥土层从的厚度实验上坚决的基础的间隔（d001）。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐