脑肿瘤

Some grow focally as an expansile mass or a large exotic lesion.These have heterogeneousdensity and show prominent enhance...

脑干肿瘤CT 诊断基于第四脑室的受压移位，和脑干周围脑池的狭窄变形。

Objective To understand the relationship between tumor necrotic factor α and brain damage in an animal model of pertussis bacilli induced brain edema.

目的 了解肿瘤坏死因子α在百日咳菌液导致的感染性脑水肿时的变化及与感脑脑损害的关系。

Resuts: The tumors were reduced in 15 patients after radiosurgery at 6 months, has not change in 6 patients.

结果：21例胶质瘤中，15例在治疗后6个月肿瘤缩小，6例无变化，2例在X-刀治疗后2个月内行开颅肿瘤切除术；11例脑转移瘤X-刀治疗后病灶全部消失7例，明显缩小4例(≥5%)。

Therefore,when formulating the programme of intracranial tumor resection,it is not only to resect the tumor to the greatest extent,but also to avoid the injury of the important function area in the brain and relevant area of the cerebral white matter,and thus to enhance the quality of patients′ life after surgery.

因此在制定颅内肿瘤切除的方案时，不仅要最大限度切除肿瘤，还要注意术中尽量避免脑的重要功能区及相关白质纤维束的损伤，从而提高患者术后的生活质量。

Results: MRI features of primary malignant lymphoma were as follows:① single or multiple lesions, mostly in supratentorial region;② round or irregular in shape, hypointense on T1WI, hypointense or isointense on T2WI with homogenous signal;③ mild edema around the lesion with mild space occupying effect;④ remarkab1e enhancement of the lesion;⑤ involvement of leptomeninges and/or dissemination via ventricular ependyma;⑥ sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Size and shape changed remarkedly after treatment.

结果：脑内淋巴瘤MRI表现为：①种瘤单发或多发，以幕上分布为主；②形态圆形或不规则形，T1WI呈低信号，T2WI以高信号为主，信号不均匀；③瘤周水肿及占位效应较轻；④增强扫描肿瘤明显不均匀强化；⑤可侵及软脑膜、室管膜并沿之播散；⑥肿瘤对放疗和化疗敏感；形态、大小变化明显。

Results: MRI features of primary malignant lymphoma were as follows:①single or multiple lesions, mostly in supratentorial region;②round or irregular in shape, hypointense on T1WI, hypointense or isointense on T2WI with homogenous signal;③mild edema around the lesion with mild space occupying effect;④remarkable enhancement of the lesion;⑤involvement of leptomeninges and/or dissemination via ventricular ependyma;⑥sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Size and shape changed remarkedly after treatment.

结果：脑内淋巴瘤MRI表现为：①肿瘤单发或多发，以幕上分布为主；②形态圆形或不规则形， T1WI呈低信号， T2WI以高信号为主，信号不均匀；③瘤周水肿及占位效应较轻；④增强扫描肿瘤明显不均匀强化；⑤可侵及软脑膜、室管膜并沿之播散；⑥肿瘤对放疗和化疗敏感；形态、大小变化明显。

Week. Conclusions The S1 area brain glioma model established by this method in rats had the same characters as human brain glioma. The tumor growth period was short and the subsisting period was stable without extracerebral metastasis and extracranial extension. This model is suitable for laboratory and treatment study of brain gliomas.

该方法建立的S1区脑胶质瘤模型具备与人脑胶质瘤生长相似的特性，肿瘤形成时间短，生存期稳定，且无脑外转移和颅外扩散，适合各种脑胶质瘤实验治疗研究。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

EXPERIMENT 1 Objective To study the regularity of the injury of the mice learning and memory ability, after the whole brain irradiation. Method After anaesthetized with thiopentone, the whole brain of Kunming mice was irradiated with 10MeV electron beam. Mouse learning and memory ability were measured with step down method on the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, fourteenth, twenty-eighth, fifty-sixth and eighty-fourth day after the irradiation.

随着现代放疗技术及计算机、分子生物学等相关学科的快速发展，肿瘤疗效逐步提高，脑等晚反应组织的放射损伤越来越受重视，因而有必要采用动物实验及分子病理学手段，深入研究放射性脑损伤的发病机理和早期症状，以及活血化瘀中药的防治作用，为此我们设计并完成了学习记忆力放射损伤规律、脑室管膜下区细胞凋亡及相关基因表达、中药防治放射性脑损伤及分子机理三个实验，介绍如下：实验一目的研究照射后鼠学习记忆力损伤变化规律。

The relationship between parasagittal meningiomas and draining veins of brain surface can be identified by MR brain surface anatomy scanning, which can evaluate the draining veins correctly and direct to protect the key draining vein, especially the draining vein in functional area of brain surface. It plays important role in the protection of neurological function and the recovery of the postoperation.

磁共振脑表面成像技术能在术前明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与脑表面回流静脉之间关系，可在术前对患者肿瘤表面脑回流静脉做出正确的评估，对脑表面重要回流静脉的保护提供了准确的影像学依据，对患者神经功能的保护及术后恢复起到重要作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。