脑桥的

Methods The distribution of fos-like immunoreactive neurons in telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain and pons were examined in 10 "behavioral despair" rats and 10 "simple forced swimming" rats, and the distributions of FLI neurons of the two groups were compared by fos-Ab immunohistochemistry methods.

采用不同强度强迫游泳应激造成绝望行为模型和单纯强迫游泳模型大鼠（Wistar 系雄性，体重160～180 g）各10只，在其端脑、间脑、中脑和脑桥切片上各做抗fos蛋白免疫组化染色，40倍光镜下观察和计数各部位内fos蛋白免疫阳性神经元及其数目，并进行两组之间的比较。

FasL immunopositive neurons were observed in cerebral cortex, especially in pyramidal neurons of lamina Ⅱ and Ⅴ, cerebellar nuclei, diencephalon, and brain stem nuclei involving pontine nucleus, vestibular nucleus, cochlear nucleus, spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous and reticular formation.

间脑中有FasL阳性神经元分布。在脑干，Fas主要分布于前庭神经核、迷走神经背核和三叉神经脊束核的神经元；FasL广泛分布在脑桥核、前庭神经核、三叉神经脊束核、舌下神经核、蜗神经核、网状结构和疑核。

Basal or inferior region of the pons.

脑桥的基本或次等区域。

ligating the basilar artery trunk might induce pons and part of superior medulla focal ischemic damage.

结扎基底动脉起始部可以引起延髓上部和脑桥的局灶性缺血性损伤。

The present morphological experiments revealed that Barrington's nucleus in the rabbit was also located in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, and that it sent projections fibers to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and received afferent axons from the sacral spinal cord.

本实验研究表明，家兔Barrington's核亦位于脑桥被盖背外侧部，它发出纤维投射至骶髓副交感核，同时也接受来自骶髓的投射纤维，提示其脑桥排尿反射的构成可能与大鼠相似（论文4）。

The fibres of the corticospinal tract, which run craniocaudally in the dorsal pons, the pontine tegmentum, and the superior cerebellar peduncles ventrally, were all preserved, this differential involvement therefore being responsible for the cruciform appearance on MRI.

译：脑桥神经元和横桥纤维严重减少，造成脑桥基底部和小脑中脚的苍白和萎缩。上下走行于脑桥背侧的皮质脊髓束、脑桥背盖部、腹前侧的小脑上脚/结合臂均未受累。这种差异性受累是MRI上出现十字征的原因。

Results: The results showed that NOS positive neurons existed in all the auditory afferent nucleus while NOS negative neu-rons existed in the superior olivary nucleus. Most of NOS positive neurons in CNC were located in the posterior ventral cochlear nu-cleus ,which were round or oval bipolar neurons. NOS positive neurons were also found in potine widely.

结果：在脑桥的各级听觉传入核团，均有NOS阳性神经元，而上橄榄复合体无NOS阳性神经元；耳蜗核内NOS阳性神经元，主要集中在后腹侧核，为圆形或椭圆型双极神经元；下丘的臂内侧核NOS阳性神经元呈小的、圆形细胞。

Of the 26 lesions with pontine and bulbar involvement, three had no association with other lesions (Fig 2). Twelve were associated with tegmental and superior cerebellar peduncular extension, and six showed corticospinal tract involvement in continuity with an MDJ lesion. In one patient with additional telencephalic lesions, the right side of the pons was hyperintense on long TR/TE images that did not cross the midline, suggestive of an arterial lesion (Fig 3). In two patients with pontine tegmental lesions, there was an associated middle cerebellar peduncle and deep cerebellar white matter involvement (Fig 4). Two others had associated cervical lesions.

在26处脑桥延髓区病灶中，3处病灶仅限于脑桥延髓区，其它部位无病灶（图2）；12处病灶还同时伴有背盖部和小脑上脚/结合臂处病灶；6处病灶为与中脑-间脑接合处病灶相连的皮质脊髓束受累；还有1例患者除端脑见病灶外，右侧脑桥于T2像也见高信号病灶，但未超越正中线，提示可能系动脉病变所致（图3）；2例脑桥背盖部病灶的患者同时伴有小脑中脚/小脑脑桥脚和小脑深部白质受累（图4）；还有2处脑桥延髓区病灶还同时伴有颈髓病灶。

Aim:To investigate the clinical features and neuroimaging features of myelinolysis in central pontine and extrapontine.

目的：探讨脑桥中央和脑桥外髓鞘溶解症的临床及神经影像特点。

There were no significant differences for the firing rates in the site of contralateral TNC neurons among during pre-CSD,CSD,and post-CSD (P＞0.05).For flunarizine group,the firing rates in the site of ipsilateral TNC neurons during pre-CSD were higher as compared with during CSD(P＜0.05).2.1 There were statistical differences on palasma levels of CGRP and SP among the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of CGRP and SP in CSD group were higher than control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences on the levels of CGRP and SP in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia were found among the three groups(P＞0.05).2 The number of neurons with positive CGRP and SP immunoreactivity was statistically different in right-sided trigeminal ganglia among the three groups (P＜0.05).The number in fight-sided trigeminal ganglia in CSD group was higher as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The number in right-sided trigeminal ganglia was statistically higher than that in left-sided trigeminal ganglion in CSD group(P＜0.05).3.1 Altered ReHo in ipsilateral pons and other brain regions response to pain such as basal nuclei,thalamus,cingulated gyms and prefrontal cortex was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation). 2 Positive functional connectivity was detected between ipsilateral pons and other brain regions related to pain within pain state and within non-pain state (P＜0.05,corrected by false discovery rate,FDR).Increased functional correlation between ipsilateral pons and other pain-related brain regions such as ipsilateral prefrontal cortex and contralateral subcallosal gyrus was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation).

结果1。对照组未发现CSD；同侧TNC放电频率，CSD中＞CSD后＞CSD前P＜0.05对侧TNC放电频率，CSD前、中、后无统计学差异(P＞0.05氟桂利嗪组同侧TNC放电频率，CSD前＞CSD中(P＜0.05)，CSD前与CSD后及CSD中与CSD后之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。2.1关于放免测定，各组血浆CGRP、SP水平有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，CSD组高于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间均无统计学差异P＞0.05各组之间同侧三叉神经节中CGRP、SP水平未见变化(P＞0.05.2关于免疫组化研究，右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，多重两两比较结果CSD组大于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组之间、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间无统计学差异P＞0.05左侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05CSD组中右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫反应阳性细胞数大于左侧(P＜0.05)。3.1局部一致性分析发现两组患者头痛疼痛状态较非疼痛状态脑活动发生变化的脑区有同侧脑桥以及其他疼痛相关脑区如基底节区、丘脑、扣带回、前额叶皮层等(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正)。2功能连接分析发现疼痛状态与非疼痛状态下主要疼痛相关脑区均与同侧脑桥有功能联系P＜0.05，false discovery rate，FDR校正疼痛状态与非疼痛状态比较，同侧前额叶皮层、对侧胼胝下回等疼痛相关脑区与同侧脑桥之间功能联系增强(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。