脊椎动物

Course contents include the origin of vertebrates, their zoogeography, speciation, morphology and function, and taxonomy.

授课内容有：脊椎动物的形成，动物地理学，物种的演化，物种形态学及其功能，和脊椎动物的分类。

Department of Biological Sciences is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in biology including insect and vertebrate molecular ecology, historical biogeography and population genetics; conservation genetics, crustacean endocrinology, physiology and biochemistry of gametes, vertebrate physiology, systematics, ecology, and zoogeography of freshwater and marine fishes, molecular genetics, reproductive physiology, evolutionary genetics.

生物科学系主要致力于生物学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括昆虫和脊椎动物分子生态学，历史生物地理学和种群遗传学，保护遗传学，甲壳类内分泌学，配子生理生化，脊椎动物生理学，淡水和海洋鱼类系统学、生态学、动物地理学，分子遗传学，生殖生理学等。

These data give insight into the development mechanism and evolution of the amphioxus and vertebrates.A novel gene, AmphiSom, was identified in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, and its sequence and developmental expression pattern were determined.

因此虽然文昌鱼不是脊椎动物的直接祖先，但是它是现存的与脊椎动物直接祖先最接近的无脊椎动物，是研究动物进化和动物胚胎发育的典型材料。

Lizards is a major group of reptiles, which plays an important role in the evolution of the vertebrates. Studies on their evolution, especially the molecular and cytogenetical evolution, is of great significance to reveal the evolutionary history of reptiles and futherly that of all the vertebrates.

蜥蜴类是爬行动物的一个主要类群，在整个脊椎动物的进化中有承前启后的重要作用，对其进化的研究，尤其是分子和细胞遗传学进化的研究，对了解爬行类乃至于整个脊椎动物的进化史具有重要的理论意义。

Main results were as follows:(1) The number of wild animals and plants species protected in reserves increased logarithmically with the increase of nature reserves.

研究结果如下：通过回归分析发现，随着自然保护区的增加，受保护的野生动物物种总数呈现对数增长的趋势，由此得到西南地区受保护的野生脊椎动物物种总数为2426种，为我国野生脊椎动物物种总数6347种的38.2%；西南地区受保护的野生高等植物物种总数为20965种，是我国野生高等植物物种总数30000多种的近70%。

This suggests that AmphiMDF is not only the sister but also the archetype of the vertebrate myogenic bHLH genes.

而且，AmphiMDF与脊椎动物四种生肌bHLH因子的相似性几乎是相等的。这些结果说明，AmphiMDF基因很可能是脊椎动物MyoD基因家族成员的原始型。

Background:C-reactive protein is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein,with homologs in vertebrates and many invertebrates,that participates in the systemic response to inflammation.

背景：C-反应蛋白是一种高度保守的血浆蛋白，在脊椎动物和多种非脊椎动物中存在同系物，参与全身炎症反应。

The importance of the original discovery is that in phylogenetically primitive vertebrates (and probably during fetal stages of most other vertebrates) there is an inescapable BaupIan for both the gross form and the sensory-motor integration.

最初的重要发现是对於脊椎动物一开始有关物种的变化(或者是在大多数脊椎动物的胚胎阶段)有一个关於数量以及运动肌感知的整合性的蓝图。

Moreover,it was demonstrated that the threesubstances,E,DE and DA,increased dramatically and quickly after LPS treatment.Also,it was revealed that the changes of three substances were more quickly than thechanges of the above mentioned APPs during the same LPS treatment.Thesesuggested that the three substances existed as neurotransmitter.The presence and thechange of the CAs in amphioxus after treated with LPS indicated the evolutionaryexistence of CAs and acute phase response in the protochordate lineage.

第四，我们用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC)，探讨了LPS感染文昌鱼儿茶酚胺类神经递质的变化，优化了同时测定文昌鱼体液中NE、E和DA三种CAs的HPLC方法，并首次发现，文昌鱼体液中同时存在NE、E、和DA三种CAs物质，其中，E在文昌鱼中首次报道，这三种物质在LPS感染文昌鱼后浓度升高非常明显，与同期的APPs相比变化更为迅速，也体现了神经递质的主导作用，文昌鱼的CAs系统也具有了类似脊椎动物CAs系统的功能，可以初步判断CAs系统的进化源头由脊椎动物可推回到头索类。

It seems that sea squirts do not, as we had thought, sit among the chordates , on the same evolutionary line as humans and other vertebrates .

海鞘好像不是我们原来所想像那样，座落于脊索动物的&门&中；它不像人类和其他脊椎动物（脊椎动物是脊索动物门中的一个&亚门&——译注）那样，落在相同的进化路线上。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。