脊椎动物

Nodal and Activin, members of TGF-βsuperfamily, are mediated by the TGF-βreceptors ALK4 or ALK7, and they play important roles in mesendoderm induction and anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm.

TGFβ家族的信号转导由TGFβ受体ALK4或ALK7介导，在脊椎动物胚胎的中胚层和内胚层诱导以及神经外胚层的前-后轴线分化中起着重要作用。

Thrush is a vertebrate, Aves, Muscicapidae, Timalinae.

画眉是脊椎动物，鸟纲，鹟科，画眉亚科。

This suggests that AmphiMDF is not only the sister but also the archetype of the vertebrate myogenic bHLH genes.

这些结果说明，AmphiMDF基因很可能是脊椎动物MyoD基因家族成员的原始型。

Any of various parasitic flagellate protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma, transmitted to the vertebrate bloodstream, lymph, and spinal fluid by certain insects and often causing diseases such as sleeping sickness and nagana.

锥体虫锥体虫属中的一种寄生性带鞭毛原生动物；被某些昆虫带入脊椎动物的血液淋巴液和脊髓，可导致嗜眠性脑炎及非洲锥虫病等疾病

Patterning the vertebrate neuraxis.

脊椎动物神经轴的制定模式〉《科学》第274 卷(1996)： 1109-1115页。

Muller cells are the most principal neuroglial cells in vertabrate retina.

Muller细胞是脊椎动物视网膜内最主要的神经胶质细胞。

Epidermis:The outer, protective, nonvascular layer of the skin of vertebrates, covering the dermis.

表皮脊椎动物真皮之外的一层无血管的保护性皮层

Melatonin is a hormone produced by pineal gland. As a synchronizer of endocrine system bioclock in vertebrate, melatonin possesses many physiological activities,e.g. regulating the biologic rhythm according to photoperiod, by its receptors widely distributed in pituitary gland, hypothalamus, optomeninx, kidneys, skin and its appendages, etc.

褪黑素主要是由松果体合成的一种激素，作为脊椎动物内分泌系统生物钟的同步器，其受体广泛分布于垂体、下丘脑、视网膜、肾脏和皮肤及其附属器，有着多种生理活性，按光周期信号调节生物体昼夜节律和季节节律。

Excavation and gathering of fossils on field are the elements in paleontologic investigation, the unearthed processes of various vertebrate fossils are recommended and then these general procedures, technical essentials, instrumentation, personnel organization and awareness proceeding of this work are expounded in this article.

化石的野外发掘和采集是古生物研究的基础，本文通过对各种类型脊椎动物化石挖掘过程的介绍，详细讲述了这项工作的一般步骤、技术要点、器材设备、人员组织以及注意事项。

Thus, through phenogenetic drift, the tooth has remained a stable trait in jawed vertebrates, while evolving distinct genetic bases in teleosts and tetrapods.

在遗传表型变迁过程中，有颚脊椎动物的表型保持相对稳定，而硬骨鱼和四脚动物的遗传表型改变明显。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。