脊椎动物

In some lower vertebrates the Epiphysis Cerebri - Pineal Gland - has a well-developed eye-like structure; in others though not organized as an eye, if functions as a light receptor.

在一些较低等脊椎动物Epiphysis Cerebri-松果体–具有像眼睛一样发育很好的结构；有些虽然不成形为眼睛，即使是作为光的受体。

In animals, mitochondrial DNA is generally a 15-22 kb circular genome containing 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes, as well as a control region. All 37 genes are arranged in the same relative order almost in all vertebrate species from teleost fishes to eutherian mammals. In recent years, mtDNA has been widely used as a useful marker system in numerous phylogenetic analyses in vertebrate relationships.

脊椎动物线粒体DNA是一个环形结构，长度约为15-22kb.mtDNA呈母系遗传，具有相对保守性，已被广泛应用于分析动物个体鉴别和动物类群间的系统发生关系。

The third and final excretory organ that develops in a vertebrate embryo.

后肾脊椎动物胚胎发育中的第三个也是最后一个排泄器官。

The embryos of land vertebrates are enclosed within four extraembryonic membranes that afford protection while still permitting the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other materials.

脊椎动物的胚胎被4层膜包被，起保护作用，但仍能交换气体，营养和其他物质。

Embryonic Coverings and Membranes The embryos of land vertebrates are enclosed within four extraembryonic membranes that afford protection while still permitting the exchange of gases nutrients and other materials.

脊椎动物的胚胎被4层膜包被，起保护作用，但仍能交换气体，营养和其他物质。

Forced expression of fez induces ectopic expression of dlx2 and dlx6, two genes involved in brain development.

通过显微注射含有Fez基因的DNA或mRNA使该基因在野生型斑马鱼胚胎中超表达，可以诱导两个与脊椎动物前脑发育相关的基因dlx2和dlx6发生提前和异位的表达。

Extinct group of armored fishlike vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear.

已灭绝的有甲脊椎动物，外形与鱼相似；其分类尚不明确。

Any of various flagellate protozoans of the genus Trichomonas,occurring as parasites in the digestive and urogenital tracts of vertebrates.

毛滴虫各种毛滴虫属的有鞭毛的原生动物中的任何一种，是出现在脊椎动物的消化道和尿道中的寄生虫

Any of various parasitic flagellate protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma, transmitted to the vertebrate bloodstream, lymph, and spinal fluid by certain insects and often causing diseases such as ''.

锥体虫锥体虫属中的一种寄生性带鞭毛原生动物；被某些昆虫带入脊椎动物的血液淋巴液和脊髓，可导致''。

Except in flightless birds and in ducks, the sense of smell and taste are poorly deve1oped in birds.

视觉器官鸟眼具有一般脊椎动物眼的结构，但有复杂的适应性特征。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。