脊柱的

Any form of arthritis that affects one or more vertebral joints, spondylarthritis represents a group of closely related disorders, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

凡是影响一个或更多脊椎关节的脊柱关节病，包括强直性脊柱炎，银屑病关节炎，和炎症肠病性关节炎都显示出一组紧密相关的症状。

Objective To evaluate CT and X-ray findings of spondylolisthesis and to discuss the diagnastic value of X-ray scanning technique.

目的 分析脊柱滑脱的X线、CT影像表现，探讨不同检查方法对诊断和指导治疗的价值。

Spinal fusion (officially known as spondylosyndesis) is a surgery that combines two or more vertebrae, fusing them together.

脊柱融合术（正式名称为spondylosyndesis ）是一种外科手术相结合的两个或两个以上的椎骨，融合一起。

The pathologic fracture by spinal meta stases can cause intense pain with difficult management.

脊柱转移的病理性骨折可以引起难以处理的剧烈疼痛。

It is an ideal operation for applying ilium autografting with vertebral canal posterior wall plastic operation combining pedicle screw fixation to treat burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebra with spinal stenosis, it is a simple and safe operative technique to entirely decompress in duramater and nerve roots and enlarge bore of vertebral canal therefore eliminating secondary spinal stenosis, the reconstructing of posterior column including spinous process and supraspinal ligament also increasing spinal stability.

自体髂骨移植椎管成形加椎弓根螺钉内固定，对严重胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄是一种较理想的手术方法。此方法操作简单、安全，解除神经及硬膜囊压迫的同时扩大了椎管，杜绝了继发性椎管狭窄，重建了后柱结构包括棘突及脊上韧带，增加了脊柱稳定性，值得推广。

Twenty-four of the 41 (59%) children had one or more congenital anomalies that are part of vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, cardiac defect, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limp abnormalities association.

报道最多的先天异常是心脏缺陷。41例患儿中有24例（59%）出现下列先天异常中的一种或一种以上，包括脊柱畸形，肛门闭锁，心脏缺陷，食管、气管、肾脏和肢体异常。

Methods: 7 calf lumbar spine specimens (T13~S2) were biomechanically tested under pure moment of 10Nm loading with Tenor pedicle screw system as the fixation device. Range of motion and intradiscal pressure were measured in all unfused segments and compared among the control group, the single-segment-fixed group (L45) and the double-segment-fixed group (L3~L5), and the correlation analysis and comparison between the increments of kinematic index and intradiscal pressure were performed.

取7具小牛腰段脊柱标本(T13~S2)，以Tenor椎弓根螺钉系统作为固定器械，在10Nm纯力矩加载下进行生物力学测定，测定各活动节段的运动范围和椎间盘内压，比较完整对照组、L45单间隙固定组和L3~L5双间隙固定组间上述指标的变化，并对运动学指标和椎间盘内压增量进行相关分析和比较。

Methods Seven calf lumar spine specimens(T13~S2) were biomechanically tested under pure moment of 10Nm loading with Tenor pedicle screw system as the fixation device. Range of motion and intradiscal pressure were measured in all unfused segments and compared among the control group, the single-segment-fixed group (L4/5) and the double-segment-fixed group (L3~L5), and the correlation analysis was performed.

取7具小牛腰段脊柱标本(T13-S2)，以Tenor椎弓根螺钉系统作为固定器械，在10Nm纯力矩加载下进行生物力学测定，测定各活动节段的运动范围和间盘内压，比较完整对照组、L4／5单节段固定组和L3～L5双节段固定组间上述指标的变化，并进行相关分析。

METHODS:① Stimulus test: A total of 18 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Unhairing area sizing 4 mm × 4 mm was selected from bilateral spine. One area was wrapped with hydrogel, and the other area was wrapped with polyurethane membrane.

①刺激实验：选取18只Wistar 大鼠，随机分为2组，在大鼠脊柱两侧各选4 mm×4 mm面积的去毛区，一组使用水凝胶义眼台材料，一组使用静电纺丝法聚氨酯薄膜材料，包扎固定4 h后除去斑贴物，对实验部位的红斑和水肿反应评分。

METHODS: Twenty pationts with spinal tuberculosis were treated by anterior partial vertebrectomy of the diseased vertebrae, iliac grafting and internal fixation via anterior of posterior approach.

20例脊柱结核患者，施行病灶部分切除、髂骨植骨、前路或后路内固定手术，术后将切除的大块病灶骨用MMA包埋、不脱钙骨切片、甲苯胺蓝染色，观察结核特征性病灶在整块骨中的分布情况。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。