脊柱

Sixteen pelves of adult males with spondylolysis were excluded from the study due to the exclusion criteria mentioned above.

同时排除了6名女性脊柱滑脱标本（5美国白人和1黑人），因为其样本量过少。

Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（C3～C7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.

随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（C3～C7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。

Abstract］ Objective To explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（C3～C7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（C3～C7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。

Abstract］ objective to explore the accuracy and safety of safety drillprepared for cervical pedicle screw trajectory.methods fourteen adult cadaver specimens of cervical spine（c3～c7）with intact structures including ligaments and perivertebral muscles were reserved and used.according to the radiographic measurements,safety drill was inserted into cervical pedicle individually.the evaluation of the drill's trajectory was carried out by ct scan and three-dimension reconstruction and autopsy.results one hundred and forty drill's trajectories were made.9 holes failed with a perforation rate of 6.4%.conclusion the safety drill prepared for cervical pedicle screw hole is safe and effective and can be applied and popularized clinically.

目的 探索安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性。方法随机取14具福尔马林浸泡的成人颈椎标本（c3～c7），保留完整的脊柱三柱结构及相关的韧带和椎旁肌，根据影像学测量的进钉点和进钉方向，模拟颈椎后路手术过程。选用安全钻头，进行实际的颈椎弓根螺钉孔道的钻探，将孔道行ct扫描，并斜位三维重建孔道形态，并以肉眼直视观察结果为金标准，评价孔道钻探的成败。结果钻探孔道准确率89.3%（125/140），穿孔率6.4%（9/140）。结论安全钻头应用于颈椎弓根螺钉孔道钻探的安全性与准确性均较高，可以在临床上推广使用。

In order to study the mechanical properties of the remedy for the scoliosis by PRSS, the photoelastic test was performed.

本实验用模型实验方法研究PRSS矫正脊柱侧弯过程中的力学行为。

Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen 518010,China

深圳平乐骨伤科医院脊柱外科，广东深圳 518010；2。福建医科大学附属第一医院来源：医学期刊/大学学报收藏本文章

Posterior C1-C2 fusion with polyaxial screw and rod fixation.

脊柱内固定翻修的原因和对策。

Methods The operation was performed through a posteromedian skin incision with the aid of an endoscope coupled with a television and video unit.

将内视镜置于脊柱后正中切口内，在内视镜放大影像和直视相结合下操作。

Extensive spine surgery is associated with postsurgical pain.

脊柱大手术造成术后的疼痛。

Objective:To determine whether shaving the incision site before spinal surgery causes postsurgical infection.

目的：确定脊柱手术术前切口部位备皮是否会导致术后感染。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。