脊柱

Objective To provide the data about morphometry for clinical operation of spinal column.

目的 为临床脊柱手术提供形态学资料。

The design and implementation of the motion control system of a 5 degree-of-freedom navigation robot is discussed in detail.

详细论述了这款5自由度脊柱微创手术导航机器人运动控制系统的设计与实现。

If the sinus becomes infected, it can result in meningitis and myelitis, symptoms of which are spinal pain, rigidity, and fever.

如果皮窦受到感染，将可导致脑膜炎、脊髓炎，其症状有脊柱疼痛、僵硬和发热。

Objective To investigate imaging features of myeloma of the spine.

目的 探讨脊柱骨髓瘤的影像学表现。

Open lesion occur in early stage and are called spina bifida aperta or myelomeningocele.

开放性脊柱裂发生在胚胎发育的早期，又叫脊髓脊膜膨出。

Thus, spinal cord tumors, arachnoid cysts, syringomyelia, Chiari malformation, spinal cord arteriovenous malformation, diplomyelia or diastematomyelia, tethered spinal cord, spina bifida or myelomeningocele, lipomyelomeningocele, tumors at the junction of the base of the skull and upper cervical spine, nerve root tumors, and a few other diagnoses still fall under the domain of the neurosurgeon.

因此，脊髓肿瘤，蛛网膜囊肿，脊髓空洞症， Chiari畸形，脊髓动静脉畸形，脊髓纵裂畸形，脊髓栓系，脊柱裂或脊髓脊膜膨出，脂肪脊髓脊膜膨出、颅颈交界区及上颈髓肿瘤、神经根肿瘤及其他一些疾病的诊治仍然归属于神经外科医师。

We evaluated spine health in 186 newly diagnosed children (median age 5.3 years, 108 boys) with ALL (precursor B cell: N = 167; T-cell: N = 19), who were enrolled in a national bone health research program.

我们对186例新诊断为ALL（前体B细胞：N =167；T细胞：N=19例）儿童（平均年龄为5.3岁，108例男孩）的脊柱健康作了评估，这些儿童被纳入一项全国性的骨骼健康调查计划。

Six cadavers were prepared for necroscopy, operative procedure of ILIF were simulated on L3-S1, and all related important anatomic structure and their relationship were observed and record. ILIF with transpedicle screw fixation were also performed with cage insertion.3. Twelve fresh frozen bovine lumbar functional spinal units were prepared for biomechanical testing. According to the different treatment order, the specimens were devided into 7 groups, which included: 1intact specimens, 2specimens were treated by left unilateral facetectomy and had homolateral anatomical threaded cages inserted, 3 TLIF with homolateral pedicle screw fixation, 4 TLIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation, 5 specimens had anatomical threaded cages inserted on the left by intertransverse process approach, 6 ILIF with homolateral pedicle screw fixation, 7 ILIF with bilateral pedicle screw fixation.

方法1、对20名正常志愿者L3-S1节段进行CT增强+三维重建检查，在三维重建图形上测量横突长度、上下横突间距、椎间孔外椎间隙高度及斜径，观查横突间区域血管走形特点并测量血管内径，然后进行统计分析及评价。2、采用福尔马林固定尸体标本六具，模拟ILIF手术对L3-S1节段进行操作，观察横突间区域重要结构的位置和毗邻关系，并模拟同侧椎弓根钉和单枚椎间融合器的置入过程，探讨该术式存在的问题并改进。3、采用小牛脊柱运动节段标本12具，依序进行不同处理后分为以下7组：⑴正常对照组CG⑵左侧小关节切除+椎间融合器植入组(TLIF⑶TLIF附加同侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑷TLIF附加双侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑸左侧横突间入路椎间融合器植入组ILIF⑹ILIF附加同侧椎弓根钉固定组；⑺ILIF附加双侧椎弓根钉固定组。

Spine at the bottom of the region should enjoy caressing, and because there are many nerve endings distribution is very sensitive.

在该地区的脊柱底部应享有爱抚，因为有许多神经末梢分布很敏感。

In spina bifida the neural arch, usually in the lumbosacral region, is incomplete with secondary damage to the exposed neres.

脊柱裂通常是腰骶部的椎骨不完整，伴有暴露在外的神经损伤。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。