脉管

The compressible and oscillating fluid flow velocity, temperature and other major parameters in the orifice PTR have been numerically investigated.

5建立了小孔型脉管制冷机的物理和数学模型，开发了描述小孔型脉管制冷机内可压缩交变流动的二维数值模拟程序，对小孔型脉管制冷机内的流场和温度场特性及其他一些重要的热力参数进行了详细的分析。

The positive expression both of p14ARF and mtp53 protein in NSCLC tissues were significantly different from that in nonmal lung tissues and tissues adjacent to the cancer (P.01).The expression of p14ARF protein was correlated with pathological degree（P＜0.01）,but it was uncorrelated with pathological staging,lymphaden metabasis and vessel invasion(P＞0.05).The expression of mtp53 protein was correlated with clinical pathology staging,pathological degree and vessel invasion(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but it was uncorrelated with lymphaden metabasis(P＞0.05).(2) The coexpression of p14ARF and mtp53 was 36.7％,their consistency was 38.8％,but the expression of p14ARF protein were negatively correlated with the expression of mtp53 protein(r=-0.3553,P＜0.001).Conclusion The results suggest that the decrease of p14ARF and the increase of mtp53 protein may play an important role in the genesis and development of NSCLC.

结果 (1)在正常肺组织、癌旁组织和NSCLC中p14ARF蛋白的阳性表达率分别为93.3%、83.3%、55.1%，mtp53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为6.7%、44.4%、79.6%；p14ARF蛋白和mtp53蛋白在NSCLC中的表达与正常肺组织和癌旁组织比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01)；p14ARF蛋白表达与临床病理分期、有无淋巴结转移、有无脉管浸润无关(P＞0.05)，而与病理分化程度有关（P＜0.01）；mtp53蛋白表达与临床病理分期、病理分化程度(P＜0.01)及有无脉管浸润(P＜0.05)有关，而与有无淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05)；(2)在NSCLC中，pl4ARF与mtp53蛋白共表达为36.7％，一致性为38.8％，二者表达呈负相关(r=-0.3553，P＜0.001)。

The phase lag between the pressure wave and velocity wave has been revealed to be accordant with the field synergy principle.

对场协同理论在脉管制冷机中的具体应用进行了研究，数值模拟了小孔型、双向进气型脉管制冷机的动态过程，揭示了脉管内压力波和速度波之间的协同关系。

Designing and founding the thermoacoustic test-bed. The structure and dimension of condenser, heater, ejector, regenerator, sound room, feedback loop, resonance forthright and pulse tube refrigerator are showed detailed.

设计并搭建了热声驱动的脉管制冷系统试验台，对系统中的冷却器、加热器、喷射泵、回热器、声容、反馈回路、谐振直路及脉管制冷机等的结构尺寸做了详细介绍。

It was found that the cross sectional area of the pulse tube influence greatly the working fluid pressure and temperature distributions.

采用与气体工质压力和温度分布相匹配的脉管结构，可以使脉管制冷机的性能得以改善。

Based on thermodynamics and thermo-acoustics, the effect of the pulse tube structure was analyzed. It was found that the cross sectional area of the pulse tube influence greatly the working fluid pressure and temperature distributions.

结合热力学和热声学两方面的理论，对脉管制冷机中脉管的结构进行了分析，发现脉管的截面积与其内工质压力、温度分布匹配与否，对脉管制冷机的性能有很大影响。

Although this lowest cooling temperature is higher than that achieved by using a double-inlet valve, the cooling power obtained by the refrigerator with an inertance tube is higher than with a double-inlet valve, which demonstrates the excellence of inertance tube.

虽然最低制冷温度高于双向进气型脉管制冷机的制冷温度，但是当制冷温度在75K以上时，惯性管型脉管制冷机的制冷量大于双向进气型脉管制冷机的制冷量，从而体现了惯性管的优越性。

Due to the simple construction, small volume and low vibration of pulse tube refrigerator, it has become one of the most promising microtype of cryocooler.

脉管制冷机以其结构简单、体积小、低振动等特点成为最具发展潜力的小型低温制冷机，但是目前脉管制冷机还不能广泛应用在星载红外探测上。

A single-stage and high power pulse tube cooler working between 20~40 K has been designed and constructed in order to precool the second stage of a 4 K separate two-stage pulse tube cooler.

为了满足液氦温区分离型二级脉管制冷机第二级预冷的需要，设计制作了1台20～40K温区单级大功率脉管制冷机。

Thus for a pulse tube cooler working on the ground or near the ground, the effect of the natural convection should fully taken into account in the design,.

当脉管的倾斜角在范围内时，所计算脉管内的自然对流散热量可高达4W~8W ，这显然会严重影响脉管制冷机的性能。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。