脉冲的

The foundation of this system provides a good reference to promote the standardization and intelligence of the overhaul and maintenance of vacuum switches. This paper develops a special HF pulse power supply for internal pressure estimation, which achieves the output of HF-HV sinusoidal pulse wave whose frequency and amplitude can be modified respectively, and meets the design requirements according to the results of Simulink simulation and practical experiments. With the help of AT89S52, this paper designs an I~2C serial bus based signal detection system for peak value signal acquisition of HF pulse currents, which communicates with the upper computer by asynchronous serial communication for uploading the data. In the upper computer, a human computer interface is developed by Matlab software, whose functions are to do some computation and graphic display, such as calibrating the relation curve of vacuum degree and peak value of HF pulse currents, vacuum degree computation, and vacuum lifetime evaluation analysis basing on grey forecasting model as well as making relative suggestions.

本文研制了用于真空度检测的高频脉冲电源，通过Simulink仿真和试验检验其满足设计要求，实现了电压幅值和频率独立可调的正弦波高频高压脉冲输出；利用以AT89S52为核心基于I~2C串行总线的信号检测系统实现高频脉冲电流峰值信号的采集，通过异步串行通信实现单片机与计算机之间的数据通信，将检测数据传至上位机；在上位机利用Matlab开发人机交互界面，实现相关数据处理和图形显示，包括真空度——高频脉冲电流峰值关系曲线标定、真空度数值计算、基于灰色预测模型的真空寿命评估分析和提出相应决策建议。

Seven kinds of antijamming methods,such as time correlated choice and field-of-view shrinkage, inertial track,real-time memory criterion,amplitude discrimination, pulse-width discrimination, pulse-amplitude time sequence discrimination and pulse-width amplitude discrimination for Counter-Infrared-Interference-Missile with the cross-shaped detector array are given.

介绍了四元正交探测器以及红外干扰弹的工作原理，对四元正交探测器导引系统抗红外干扰的7种方法(即时间相关选择和视场收缩技术、惯性跟踪机制、实时记忆准则、幅值鉴别法、脉冲宽度鉴别法、脉冲幅值序列鉴别法和脉冲宽度幅值鉴别法)等进行了讨论。

Consequently,the self-focusing properties of the pulse with large chirp in the nonlinear medium with normal dispersion were different from those of femtosecond pulse,but similar to those of nanosecond pulse.

因此，具有大啁啾的脉冲在非线性正色散介质中的自聚焦特性不同于飞秒脉冲，而与纳秒脉冲相似。

Variations of attenuation coefficients with rain rate for MP and LP model are compared under Mie theory and Rayleigh approximation. The approach to the solution of the Fourier integral in closed form is adopted for pulse propagation through rain medium .

在此基础上应用傅立叶时域积分近似解的方法研究了毫米波段脉冲波通过雨介质时，脉冲畸变随频率、降雨率、传播距离及脉冲宽度变化的关系。

Through establishing the functional of the source pulse which is based on the concept of "usable energy" in the received pulse and then extremizing the functional by means of the calculus of variations, the mathematical models of the optimized source pulse waveforms are shown to be associated with the eigenfunctions of a homogeneous Fredholm linear integral equation of the second kind. An efficient algorithm is developed for numerically solving the integral equation models.

论文研究了基于延迟反射脉冲序列无源标签的UWB RFID系统的基本工作原理并进行了详细的信号描述和分析，通过建立基于接收脉冲"有效能量"概念的源脉冲波形函数的泛函和使用变分计算泛函极值，得到了相关于第二类齐次Fredholm线性积分方程特征函数的源脉冲波形最优解数学公式模型，并开发了一套有效的数值求解算法。

For the plane wave of laser without pulse shape, we derive the express of electron trajectory by the relative Lorentz and energy equations. Note that the orbit of electron becomes a "fat-8" in the average rest frame. For the plane wave of Gaussian laser, we may know that, through relative Hamilton-Jacobi equation, electrons are accelerated in the front of pulse and decelerated backward. Whereas for the non-plane wave of Gaussian laser, we solve the Lorentz and energy equations by fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

对于无脉冲形状的激光平面波是从考虑了相对论效应的Lorentz方程和能量方程出发，得到了电子的运动轨迹方程表达式，在纵向平均速度参照系下该电子的轨迹呈现"8"字形；对于高斯型单色激光平面波是从相对论Hamilton-Jacobi方程出发，得到激光平面波在脉冲前沿加速电子而脉冲后沿减速电子，电子能量增益为零；而对于高斯型单色激光非平面波是从拉格朗日运动方程和能量方程出发，通过四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解，得到电子在纵向有质动力、横向电场作用下加速电子，最后在强大的横向有质动力作用下从脉冲侧面散射出去，可以获得很大能量增益本文得到了相应的电子瞬时动量解析表达式。

The experimental results present that the three electrodes DBD is basically display filamentary discharge mode. The intermittent filament impulses of current wave of the comb-like electrode are unsymmetrical while that of the plate-plate electrode is symmetrical. And the multineedle-plate DBD displays diffuse conical mode.

实验结果表明：三种电极放电的形式不尽相同，但基本上以细丝放电为主要特征；在放电特性上，单面梳状电极DBD呈正负半周期内电流波形上加载非对称的电流脉冲群，双介质板电极DBD则是对称的电流脉冲群，而多针—介质平板电极放电电流波形上既加载了具有电晕放电特征的稀疏幅值大电流脉冲群，又加载了具有DBD放电特征的密集小幅值的电流脉冲群，表现为DBD和电晕放电相叠加的效果。

Based on the principle of PEC, surface cracks mainly affect the high frequency components and subsurface crack mainly affect the low frequency components, so the PEC signals can be analyzed in frequency domain, which can eliminate the influence of noises during measurement. A method of frequency spectrum separating point is proposed for flaw classification, which enhances the accuracy in classification of defects. The agreement between theory and experiment shows that the present method is valid and applicable.

通过对脉冲涡流的理论分析发现，表面裂纹主要影响脉冲频谱中的高频成分，而表面下裂纹主要影响脉冲频谱中的低频成分，因此可以将时域中易受噪声影响的脉冲涡流信号变换到频域分析，提出了"频谱分离点"的方法来对裂纹进行分类识别，提高了缺陷分类识别的正确率，理论分析和实验结果相一致，证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state. It is cheap and can be combined with the comb laser system in my laboratory.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。