脂类

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

Because the cell membrane is lipoid, lipid-soluble drugs diffuse more rapidly than relatively lipid-insoluble drugs.

由于细胞膜为类脂质，脂溶性药物的扩散比相对的非脂溶性药物更快些，小分子的透膜速度也要比大分子快。

Because the cell membrane is lipoid, lipid-soluble drugs diffuse more rapidly than relatively lipid-i oluble drugs.

由于细胞膜为类脂质，脂溶性药物的扩散比相对的非脂溶性药物更快些，小分子的透膜速度也要比大分子快。

The method does not need any special instruments and is more convenient than the methods that we have mentioned. It is an efficient means for rapid diagnosis. In addition, mutiple-clone rabbit IgG is made by the lipoid A of E. coli.

另外，多克隆兔抗大肠杆菌抗体IgG由大肠杆菌的类脂A制成，具有广谱免疫原性，肠杆菌科细菌的类脂A结构基本相同，可进行交叉免疫反应。

In order to inquire the causes of occurrence of lipoid pneumonia in rat that were raised in standard SPF animal reproductive area, we used self-reproducing standard SPF rats, male 50 and female 50. All of the rats were divided into 10 groups, raised in standard Barrier system, and fed the standard diets imported from U.S.A.. All animals were divided into 4 stages to sacrifice. Autopsy, histopathological and blood biochemical examination were made at each stage. The results reveal that no lipoid pneumonia were found to occur in the 5, 10 and 26-week-old groups of male and female rats. 40% of male and 60% of female were found to occur slight focal lipoid pneumonia in the 52-week-old groups of rats.

利用成大医学院实验动物中心生产的标准无特定病原大白鼠雌、雄各50只分成10组，在屏障系统中进行实验，使用美国进口的标准实验动物饲料餵食，在一年中分四期剖检，并做病理组织学及血液生化学观察，分析比较结果显示5，10及26周龄的雌、雄大鼠皆未发生类脂质性肺炎。52周龄雌大鼠有60%，雄大鼠有40%观察到患有轻度局部性类脂质性肺炎。

Results The highest drug use frequency was biguanide. There was 50.9% in the oral antidiabetic drug combination. Leading the first 3 places on the list of drug combination were sulfonylureas in combination with biguanide, sulfonylureas in combination with α-Glycosidace inhibitor, biguanide in combination with α-Glycosidace inhibitor, while there was 16.1% in 3 kinds combination. When oral antidiabetic drugs were combined with other drugs, combination with antihypertensives drugs led the fist, while with antihypertensives drugs led the second.

结果 二甲双胍使用频率最高，口服降糖药联合用药的比例高达50.9%，居前3位的依次是磺脲类＋双胍类、磺脲类＋α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂和双胍类＋α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂，而3种以上口服降糖药联合用药的比例也达16.1%；口服降糖药与其他药物联合使用情况看，配合使用抗高血压药的频率最高，其次是降脂药。

The result indicates that those four resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs mainly contain volatile oil ,and all contain alicyclic compounds; the volatile oil of Borneolum Syntheticum and Styrax both contain Sesquiterpenes of caryophyllene; as resin herbs , Styrax and Benzoinum both contain vanillin, resin ester and balsamic acid .

结果表明，四味芳香开窍药主含挥发油，均含有脂环化合物，并存在一些共有成分，如龙脑冰片与苏合香挥发油中均含有倍半萜类成分石竹烯；苏合香和安息香皆为树脂类中药，两者均含有香荚兰醛成分，尚含树脂酯，香脂酸等。中国论文联盟http：//www.lwlm.com

Chapter two, the preparation of liposomes in DPPC/Chol/DPPA mixed system were investigated systematically for the first time. The optimal conditions for preparation and the composition of liposomes were established, the encapsulation efficiency was up to 50.4%.

第二章 首次系统研究了反相蒸发法用于DPPC/Chol/DPPA混合类脂体系的脂质体的制备，确定了脂质体的最佳制备条件和最佳组成，获得了高达50.4％的包裹效率。

Thus, saponifiable lipids and whole wood cannot be used for isotopic analysis in stable isotope dendroclimatology.

因此，树轮可皂化类脂的碳同位素组成(恐怕也包括氢、氧同位素组成)不能用来解译过去气候变化，全木因为含有可皂化类脂也不宜作为稳定同位素分析的目标物质。

The bilayer leaflet model for the structure of biomembranes may be simply state as follows: the basic construct of all biological membranes consists of a bimolecular lipid leaflet (i.e.a lipid bilayer for short) with sorbed non-lipid layers.

生物膜结构的双层模型可以简单地陈述如下：所有的生物膜基本结构均由一个双分子类脂层及吸附其上的非类脂层构成。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。