能量面

The results show that when the cone angles are equal to a series of special values incident beams normal to the bottom surface of a cone passing through this cone will exit along its generatrices,and form a circle-type spot on the plane perpendicular to the axis of cone,all its energies is concentrated in the circle.

结果显示圆锥体的顶角等于一系列特定值时，垂直圆锥体底面入射的光束经过该圆锥体后光束沿着其母线方向出射，在垂直于圆锥体轴线的平面上形成一圆周型光斑，其光能量全部集中在圆周上。

In order to improve the efficiency of heat absorption by the tiny amount of adhesive used for micro optics packaging, we pre-process the components to be bonded, by first polishing the bonding surfaces and then depositing a very thin layer of metalized film on them.

为了改进微光学包装中微量粘合剂的热吸收率，我们先将接合面抛光，再镀上金属薄层。这样一来，微波能量将被镀层快速吸收。

On the optical emission part, I utilized Photoluminescence to investigate the emission wavelength. In the first section of my experiments, Indium-OxyNitride nanoparticles, they are octahedrons suggested to be formed via the VS mechanism dispersed on the Silicon substrate, ranging from 50 nm to 1 um in size grown from 600 degrees to 900 degrees in Celsius. The composition is also verified by the EDS apparently. The PL shows the emission wavelength spans the whole red region.

在第一部分的氧化氮铟奈米颗粒中，奈米颗粒推测是以VS的成长机制形成的八面体结构，以成长温度在摄氏600度至900度形成各个尺寸从50奈米至1微米间的奈米颗粒，并可在能量散布光谱中，验证此奈米结构的存在成分，并在光激发萤光光谱中，可以看出此奈米颗粒的发光范围可以涵盖整个红光波段。

Some of the energy for the surface treatment will instead be spent on vaporizing or oxidizing the additives, thereby leaving a surface that is not yet suitable for printing or coating.

一些能量的表面处理，将改为花在汽化或氧化的添加剂，从而留下了这面还不适合印刷或3.88%。

Following, a experiment has been carried out, the incident waves with a frequency band of 200kHz-3 50kHz are used to the experiment, and a series of peak value-time curves are drawn each 10kHz, corresponding time are found through fitting peak value, thus the position of the defect is calculated accurately. The application of awl-shaped sensor head in the heat change water pipe experiment indicates that the ultrasonic guided waves may transmit nearly 50 meters in the pipe, which is not influenced by the elbows and makes it possible to test defects in long distance and large-scale. The water-load pipe experiment indicates that the displace and energy maybe leakage at the near-surface, which is significant for the further research.

而后，采用200kHz至350kHz频段的入射波进行了实验验证，并每隔10kHz绘出一条峰值一时间的曲线，通过拟合峰值点，找到对应的时间，从而准确的计算出了缺陷的所在；应用锥形探头的热交换水管的实验表明，超声导波可以在管道中传播了近50米的距离，且不受弯头的影响，从而使得长范围、大规模检测成为可能，水载管实验说明了离面位移和能量可能会发生泄漏的特性，为导波的深入研究和应用作了铺垫。

The outer valence shell binding energy spectrum of benzyl alcohol was also obtained.

实验在非共面对称几何条件下完成，入射电子的能量为2400 eV加结合能。

CONVEX-CONCAVE SHAPE:Unique designed of convex-concave shape,which can strengthen and expand the heated measure.

在省油器表面形成许多凹凸面：使表面受热面积加大，促进吸收光能及热能，增加红外线放射能量。

ABSTRACT Evapotranspiration in a regional scale is not only a major component of energy balance and water balance, but also a linking ...

区域陆面蒸散发是区域地表能量平衡和水量平衡的组成部分，也是联系生态系统和气候系统的重要环节之一。

The following exciting results are revealed: 1 When considering the influence of some nonlinear elements such as hard-limit of exciters, the effects of some devices such as Power System Stabilizer and Static Var Compensator which can introduce positive damping in power system, the reasonability of system parameter values in simulation, the SNB surface and HB surface on the boundary of SSSR will turn close to each other and even coalesce together; 2 Under some conditions, coupling between slow exciters and shunt capacitors will bring negative damping in power system dynamics, which increases the possibility of oscillatory instability. So the power system with mass shunt compensators is easily subjected to the oscillatory instability. In recent years, chaotic phenomena of power system have been reported many times. Some simulation studies even found chaos existing inside the power system SSSR. In this dissertation, chaotic phenomena in power systems are thoroughly studied in order to make clear the relation of chaos and SSSR. The following results are derived: 1 Based on Li-Yorke Theorem and their definition on the chaos, the existence of chaos in power system is verified; 2 Three possible routes of causing chaos in power system are found and deeply investigated. They are route of cascading period doubling, route of directly initial energizing and route of torus bifurcation (or quasi-periodicity). The latter two routes are investigated for the first time in power system stability studies; 3 When the stability conditions of chaos are broken, it is found they can lead to voltage collapse, angle divergence, or voltage collapse with angle divergence simultaneously.

针对在电力系统小扰动稳定区域内可能存在混沌吸引域的有关报道，本文深入研究了电力系统混沌现象的出现途径和与系统失稳模式之间的关系：1利用Li-Yorke定理和Li-Yorke的混沌定义，从理论上证明了电力系统混沌现象的存在性；2发现了电力系统中导致混沌出现的三种可能途径：倍周期分岔导致混沌、初始能量直接激发混沌和经由环面分岔导致混沌，并对后两种新发现的途径进行了较为细致的研究；3发现了混沌极限环破裂导致电压崩溃、角度失稳以及电压崩溃和角度失稳同时出现的现象，其中混沌极限环破裂导致系统角度失稳和电压崩溃及角度失稳同时出现的现象均属首次报道；4证明由微分-代数方程描述的系统模型，其小扰动稳定域的边界只包含HB、SNB和SIB三种分岔界面，在SSSR的内部和边界上，均不可能存在会导致混沌的点，从而将混沌现象排除在小扰动稳定域的研究之外，简化了后者的研究工作。

In this paper we have characterized the structure of various twist interfaces which are composed of (001 ),(011),(111 )-oriented semi-infinite crystals of four face-centered cubic metals Ag, Au, Al, Cu and (001),-oriented semi-infinite crystals of Si respectively with the coincidence site lattice, and calculated their energy with Modified Embedded Atom Method.

本文采用重合位置点阵的方法表征了Ag、Au、Al和Cu四种面心立方金属的(001)、(011)和(111)取向的半无穷大晶体分别与Si的(001)和(111)取向的半无穷大晶体构成的扭转界面的结构，并应用改进嵌入原子法计算了它们的能量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。