能量损耗

Electric current, Principle of current continuity, Energy dissipation

掌握电流，电流密度，电流连续性原理，了解能量损耗。

According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, and based on the phenomena of double refraction and double reflection in crystals, the reflectivity and transmissivity are deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident from an isotropic medium upon a crystal or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical ax.

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗，给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法，即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象，求解晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法，并给出反射率和透射率的解析解，同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况，光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响，但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。

In the present paper,the goal applies in the development in the mixed style battery cocurrent of motor driver design in the electrically operated bicycle,the use lead-acid battery and the LiFePO4 battery takes the main actuation power to originate,the iron phosphate lithium battery has the life to be long,the electric discharge power is big and the transformation power suits the high electric current product good the characteristic;The lead-acid battery is in a market condition the quite mature battery product has the high security in the thermostable characteristic,and designs a driving circuit to actuate the cocurrent to have brushes the motor to lead the bicycle advance,comes in the enfilade non-ascent road section use LiFePO4 battery as the actuation electric power to originate,in had the ascent road section use lead-acid battery to come as the actuation electric power to originate, has promoted bicycle's endurance and reduces accumulator cell's energy loss.

本论文中，目的在研制应用於混合式电池於电动自行车之直流马达驱动器设计，使用铅酸电池与磷酸铁锂电池来作为主要驱动动力来源，磷酸铁锂电池具有寿命长、放电功率大及转换功率佳适合高电流产品的特点；铅酸电池为一市面上相当成熟的电池产品具有高度的安全性於耐高温的特性，并设计一驱动电路来驱动直流有刷马达来带动自行车前进，於直路无斜度路段使用磷酸铁锂电池来作为驱动电力来源，於有斜度路段使用铅酸电池来作为驱动电力来源，提升了自行车的续航力和降低蓄电池的能量损耗。

The free-running operation pattern is perfect, and the power dissipation between mechanisms is minimum.

详细分析了八轮扭杆摇杆摇臂月球探测车轮子的运动情况和受力分析，提出了5种轮子操作模式，指出月球车在自由操作模式下的运动是比较理想的，机构间的能量损耗是最小的。

A new method is described in this article for selecting indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity to achieve minimum energy consumption for a required indoor thermal comfort level which is evaluated with indoor effective temperature.

人工翻译~~~~~~本文中描述了一种新的选择室内温度与相对的室内湿度的方案，可以使用最低能量损耗使室内温度达到人们普遍认定的最适宜温度。

The mechanical properties were characterized with nanoindenter and the stress was calculated using Stoney equation.

利用纳米压痕仪和光谱椭偏仪测试薄膜的力学性能和光学性能，利用KLA-Tencor台阶仪测试硅衬底在薄膜沉积前后的曲率半径，并根据Stoney方程计算薄膜应力，利用可见光拉曼光谱和电子能量损耗谱研究了薄膜的微结构。

And then, of course, less energy is used in transporting food.

此外，当然也就是可以减少食物运输过程中的能量损耗。

While high temperature cures may be acceptable for many applications ,such temperatures may be unacceptable in other applications ,because of an unsuitability of certain types of substrates,operational difficulties,and lastly,they may represent economic hardship due to the high cost of energy.

然而高温在很多应用中是可以接受的，而在另外一些应用中则是不能接受的，原因是不适合某种类型的底材，操作上的困难，以及高的能量损耗造成经济上的困难。

In chapter 1,we have reviewed the complicated phase diagram of vortex matterand briefly presented the structure of vortex line,pinning mechanism of vortex line,anisotropy caused by layered structure,and the possible configurations of vortexmatter.Based on these introductions,the dynamic behaviors of vortex and theassociated variable dissipation mechanisms have been discussed.

本论文的第一章从高温超导体混合态中复杂的涡旋物质相图出发，综述了涡旋线的结构、涡旋线的钉扎机制、层状结构表现出的各向异性、以及与此关联的各种可能存在的涡旋物质形态，并在此基础上叙述了涡旋的动力学行为和由此决定的各种能量损耗的机制。

The quality of piezoelectronic flim, BAW energy spoilage in multiplayer interface,can directly affect electronics performance of resonator.

压电薄膜的质量，以及体声波在多层结构界面上的能量损耗，直接影响到谐振器电学性能。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。