能量

Studied every acoustic and vibration characteristics of vehicle system making use of the SEA car model that had been established. Utilizing the specialty of SEA, contrasted the acoustic contributing of panel in every frequency bands by comparing the radiant energy into cab directly with creativity. Compared the effects of every type of factors on the interior acoustic environment of car.

七、利用建立的统计能量分析模型进行车辆系统各个声振特性的分析，研究车辆行驶速度和行驶路面的等级等因素对车内声学环境的影响；利用统计能量分析方法的特点，创造性地通过直接计算仿真实际工况下各个部件对车内辐射能量的对比进行板件各频带声学贡献的分析。

Using the combination of energies of the molecular Force Field and atom-bond Electronegalitivity equalization method, the expression of alkane molecular energy has been proposed.

将分子力场中的能量项加入到原子－键电负性均衡方法的能量表达式中，获得了计算烷烃分子能量的方法。

The detectors were irradiated with a mono-energetic beam of charged particles, which are protons, alpha particles, oxygen and iron ions.

粒子的能量刻度采用的是1／3档，在ΔE〓探测器中每道能量H〓=0.107MeV／道，在ΔE〓探测器中每道能量H〓=0.123MeV／道。

Movement trajectories of electrons under complex field and state parameters when electrons return to the dielectric surface are obtained by simulation,such as impact energy and return time. Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron,and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron, and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy, Impact energy will increase and return time will reduce as increasing the amplitude of electric field, and both parameter would oscillate with the phase of electric field, which can essentially explain that multipactoring electron number oscillates in twice the frequency with the increase of microwave frequency, electron trajectory will change from parabolic-like movement to complex oscillation.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

Although the energies of the parallel TBTs are correlated with those of the antiparallel ones, the energy differences are significant between them; iv.

尽管平行TBT的能量与反平行TBT的能量具有相关性，但是t-假设检验表明二者在能量上的显著性差异是有意义的；4）。

The HEED, XRD, and XPS results confirmed the forming of intermetallic compounds between silver and rare earth. As far as silver and lanthanum be concerned, the format of intermetallic compound is AgLa.

由此，本文首次提出了稀土元素在稀土金属间化合物中的能量传递模型，认为稀土与银金属间化合物的4f能级位于费米能级附近下方，部分局域化且与导带部分耦合。4f能级与导带能级之间的电子跃迁是稀土元素在Ag-BaO薄膜中传递能量的方式，也是光电发射增强效应的来源，而4f电子的光吸收截面随入射光子能量的增加而增大的特点则是"蓝强"现象的原因。

TEOAE energy distribution takes the average energy of the normal hearing persons as 0 dB, and 5% percentage at single side as the 95% normal value range. TEOAE energy distribution represents the energy loss and is convenient for the comparison to the pure tone audiogram.

TEOAE能量分布图以正常人的平均能量作为0dB，以单侧5％位数作为95％正常值范围，它体现了能量的损失情况，便于与纯音测听的结果相比较。

In engineering application, we think that the rock laboratory experiments may simulate and reshow rock bursts considering the conditions of coupled static-dynamic loads and rock burst and their comparison. Energy demand of rock burst occurring is revealed through analyzing energy transition of rock failure process under coupled static-dynamic loads. At the same time, the rule of energy utilization under coupled static-dynamic loads is discovered; the measures for rock cracking by utilizing high stress condition in deep rock mass and energy utilization improving are found.

在工程应用方面，将动静组合载荷下岩石受力条件和岩石发生岩爆的条件及两者发生的现象进行了对比，认为室内动静组合加载试验可以模拟再现现场发生的岩爆，并通过分析动静组合载荷下岩石破坏过程中能量的转化来揭示岩石发生岩爆的能量要求，而且发现了动静组合加载能量利用的规律，找到提高能量利用率的措施和利用深部岩体受力状况来致裂岩石的手段。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。