能认知

Thinking is generally used to represent intentional and deliberative mental activity. In the cognitive processes, thinking includes the cognitive ability such as reasoning and problem solving. Those abilities help people find effective ways to solve complex problems and adjust the changefully social environment.

思考是用来表示有意图与审慎反思的心智活动，在认知历程中，思考可包括推理与问题解决等认知能力，这些能力使个人在面对复杂困难的问题时，能找到有效的问题解决途径，以适应未来多变的社会环境。

With the development and progress of the society, autonomous learning and characteristic learning become more and more important in the instructional mode of adult education, and the paper-and-pen exam comes to expose its disadvantage like unilateralism and changelessness. We find out in instructional practice that the paper-and-pencil tests usually hard to fit the cognition of adult learner, so it is hard to evaluate accurately and efficiently.

在实际教学中我们发现，传统的笔试方式往往很难适应成人学生的认知特点和认知规律，从而难以保证考试结果作为课程教学效果测评的准确性和有效性；并且，传统笔试形式极大忽略了考试的诊断反馈功能，忽略了考试结果所体现出的教学过程中出现的问题或是教师很难从考试结果中发现问题，因此不能有针对性地改进教学。

The factors that affect children's temporal cognitive tact include the effect of teaching and the effect of the concrete life scene. The teaching is the most important factor that decides the children's cognitive development. 6.The children of 4 years old can distinguish the temporal distance information of the future events. During the period from 4 to 6, children's ability to distinguish the temporal distance is in great changes.

影响4～6岁儿童未来时间认知策略的相关因素，主要包括："教学"和"具体的生活情境"，其中"教学"是影响儿童未来时间认知策略发展的主要因素。6.4岁儿童已经能区分未来事件的时距信息，4～6岁儿童区分未来时距的能力存在很大变化。

By means of SPSS13.0 software, the author makes analysis of these data, the study revealed that: 1 Most of the vocational college students'English learning motivation is instrumental motivation; efficient learners have intrinsic motivation; less-efficient learners have extrinsic motivation.

根据调查所得结果运用SPSS13.0软件进行相关数据的分析，结果表明：1职业院校学生英语学习动机绝大多数是属于工具型动机，善于学习者具有内在动机，不善于学习者大部分具有外在动机。2职业院校学生英语学习策略绝大多数是认知策略和元认知策略，善于学习者能使用各种策略，不善于学习者倾向于使用情感和社会策略多一些。3英语学习策略和学习动机之间存在着相互联系。

The neotype health education mode can significantly improve cognitive function of schizophrenics and is conducive to rehabilitation of cognitive function.

新型健康教育模式能显著提高精神分裂症患者的认知功能，更有助于其认知功能的恢复。

Sum up: Treatment with electro-acupuncture select Baihui and Shenting points belong to DUmeridian can be of benefit and disbenefit on schizophrene. It is helpful to cognitive function ofschizophrene, increasing memory, attention and perform function, but low efficacy to stability ofAbstract Vattention. It is better that Baihui and Shenting points cooperate with the point on Yin meridians orextremities in treating cognitive impairment of schizophrene with electro-acupuncture.

综上所述，电针百会，神庭穴对精神分裂症患者的治疗有正面和负面的影响，电针可以改善认知功能，提高患者的记忆，注意和执行功能，但对患者的注意的稳定性还缺乏疗效在治疗精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的过程中，电针百会，神庭穴的同时最好能配合阴经穴位或远端穴位，因研究方法的不同及针对精神分裂症患者的试验难度较大等因素。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

So research in the cognitive diagnosis under polytomous scoring model is very meaningful.

随着布什总统&不让一个孩子落下&的政策出台，美国的认知诊断研究也逐渐成为热门，但目前的大部分研究仍基于0.1 评分，而多级评分可以提供更丰富的信息，并且我国的试题类型往往是多级评分的，因此研究基于多级评分的认知诊断具有重要的意义。1 本文采用模型介绍1.1 目前同类相关研究采用的模型及方法1.1.1 多级评分个人拟合统计量Drasgow提出的多级评分个人拟合统计量指标_l J可以将多级评分模型中被试是否属于异常反应诊断判别出来，但该指标功能局限性大，只能对被试反应模式是否正常做出定性说明，还不能指出哪些属性掌握与否，尚达不到针对考生不足之处进行补救教学的目的。1.1.2 Tatsuoka的规。。。。。。

On the basis of summarizing and commenting upon the major studies of semantic orientation of resultative construction in modern Chinese, the paper claims it is insufficient to study semantic orientation of resultative construction only from the literal or formal logic point of view, but rather, researchers should take into account some subjective factors on the part of language users; then, the paper introduces Talmy's cognitive semantic approach to resultative construction; based on his theoretical framework, the present paper further investigates the internal causes of the diversity of semantic orientation of satellites in Chinese,supported with the data analysis; and finally, this paper concludes that it is the semantic and syntactic properties of the verb root that make these diversified semantic orientation possible, and their actual representation is finalized by the language user via different satellites.

本文在对以往动补结构语义指向的主要研究成果进行总结评价的基础上，提出对语义指向的研究不能停留在字面和形式逻辑的层面上，而应结合语言使用者的主观因素或主观经验，也即是认知语义学的观点；其次，系统地介绍了Talmy的认知语义学观点中关于汉语动补结构的重新描述和分析，并在此基础上，着重分析了汉语动补结构多样化的语义指向的内在原因，即，汉语动作动词特殊的词汇化模式(仅包括动作和使动成分在内)中不包含确定动作执行结果的成分，因而须要借助于其卫星成分来表明动作的结果，这个结果可能是规约性的结果，也可能是偶然性的结果，由此呈现出卫星成分的多义性的特点，也就是传统上说的动补结构的语义指向。

Grounded on the variables of the draftees' personal attributes, the research probes into their relations to organizational culture, leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and the effects upon them.

本研究依机动保安警察替代役役男不同的个人属性变项，来探讨役男在组织文化认知、领导行为认知、工作满足及组织承诺间的关联性及其影响性，探求保安机动警察役管理机关具体建议，希望能解决警察役的相关问题，使警察役成为警察机关的助力，而不是负担，相信机动保安警察替代役经由不断的改良与成长，必能发挥其功能与功效，为服务国家社会做出良好贡献，本研究归纳建议如下

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。