能推论的

It can be concluded from the above analysis that at the beginning of language, simple linguistic signs, coming from sound imitation, natural exclamation and morphological stimulation, took a strong feature of iconicity, while arbitrariness still existed to a little extent. With time going by, the primitives had to create more linguistic signs to meet their needs of survival and development, so that they arbitrarily related the sound patterns and concepts to conventionalize them as linguistic signs adopted in the whole society. During this period of time, arbitrariness played a more important role, while iconicity still worked as phenomena of phonaesthesia designate. With society developing, human beings found that it was not enough to create new signs at will, so they began to make use of some principles like compound, derivation, etc. to form new linguistic signs, either simple or complex. The linguistic signs formed during this period of time always took a better disguise to be iconic, while no one until now could defuse the contributions of arbitrariness of their formation. From the above investigations, it can be seen that arbitrariness and iconicity interact in the whole process of language development at the level of lexicon. If there were no arbitrariness, human language could not expand at the very beginning.

因此可做如下推论：在语言产生之初，简单语言符号的产生常常都是有理据的、象似的，但是仍不排除任意性的作用；后来有理据的词无法满足人们生存和发展的要求，人们开始任意地连接声音形象和概念，并约定俗成获得语言符号，此时任意性起主导作用，但是象似性在音义关系中对语言符号的产生起着不可否认的作用；随着社会的发展，人们发现这些词已经不再能满足需要，而创造更多的词也不是很可能，所以人们开始采用一些构词法来创造新的语言符号，此时产生的语言符号往往更具象似性，但其核心仍然是任意的。

The correspondence of these brain findings to current psychotherapeutic practice is remarkable," he also noted."

这些关于脑部的反应和现有的精神疗法的一致性非常值得注意，"他还说，"最有效的边缘人格异常的疗法，辩证的行为疗法，是建立在病人不能与人交流并尝试去建立这种能力的推论上的。

It is a theory which, though nursed into importance by political passions, derived all its sap from the speculations of lawyers. True it certainly is that the famous Englishmen, for whom it had first had attraction, valued it chiefly for its political serviceableness, but, as I shall presently attempt to explain, they would never have arrived at it, if politicians had not long conducted their controversies in legal phraseology.

如果这个故事表示着著者意中的道德观念，并且是用以暴露这一世纪和上一个世纪曾受到其威胁的一种反社会异端，这诚然是无可指摘的；但如果由它而得到的推论是：一个社会在允约和合意上如果没有给予一种神圣性，而这种神圣性与一个成熟文明所给予的尊敬相类似，这个社会就不可能结合在一起，则它所含有的错误将是非常严重的，它将使我们对于法律史不能作出正确的理解。

No inference is here intended, that the laws, provided by the State against false and defamatory publications, should not be enforced; he who has time, renders a service to public morals and public tranquillity, in reforming these abuses by the salutary coercions of the law; but the experiment is noted, to prove that, since truth and reason have maintained their ground against false opinions in league with false facts, the press, confined to truth, needs no other legal restraint; the public judgment will correct false reasonings and opinions, on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press and its demoralizing licentiousness.

我在这里丝毫无意于推论说，各州所制定的打击造谣中伤的出版物的法律不应付诸实施，凡有时间的人都可以借助法律的有益的强制手段来革除这些流弊，从而对公众道德和社会安宁作出贡献；但人们注意到这些实验旨在证明，既然真理和理性向来都能维护自己的阵地以反击与捏造的事实联袂而行的妄断臆说，因而只要新闻界服庸真理，就不需要另外的法律约束；公众在全面听取有关各方的意见后，自会做出判断，对虚假的推理和观点加以匡正；而且，在新闻界难以估量的自由和卑鄙悖德的肆无忌惮之间，实际也无法划出一条确切的界限。

Prima facie is often confused with res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself"), the common law legal doctrine which in its modern incarnation allows a tort plaintiff to reach the jury on the question of a defendant's negligence, despite the plaintiff's failure to produce any evidence explaining exactly how the defendant was negligent, by establishing circumstantial evidence from which unspecified negligence by the defendant can fairly be inferred.

Prima facie经常被与resIpsaloquitur这个法律术语相混淆。后者作为普通法中的一个法律原则，在现代的翻版就是允许一个侵权案件中的原告就被告的过失出现在陪审团的面前。尽管原告不能提供任何可以准确地说明被告人是怎样的过失的，但是通过建立起来的情境证据，被告不是很确定的过失就会被很好地推论出来了。

The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is prima facie evidence that he is a partner in the business, but no such inference shall be drawn if such profits were received in payment

某人因获得某一商业利益的一份而开出的收条，构成他作为该商业的一个合伙人的初步证据，但是如果该利益以下列报酬的形式获得则不能得出上述推论

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。