能推理的

Knowledge from experience, they argued, cannot carry the certainty and necessity that characterizes the abstract reasoning of mathematics or geometry.

知识经验，他们认为，不能执行的确定性和必要性特点的抽象推理的数学或几何。

If a subject who knows only P cannot deduce that Q (as the knowledge argument suggests), or if one can rationally conceive of P without Q (as the conceivability argument suggests), then it seems that P does not imply Q.

如果一个主体仅仅知道P，不能推理得到Q，或如果一个人可合理设想没有Q的P，那么似乎P并不蕴涵Q。

The flaw in this reasoning is that the precise definition of the behavior of the operations almost never well defined outside of the context of a particular implementation, and these types of scripting languages are mainly useful only to people who have an intimate knowledge of the internal working of the code body in question.

这种推理的缺陷在于，离开某个特定实施的环境，操作行为几乎从来没能很好地精确定义，同时，那些脚本语言只对那些对问题领域代码的内部运行有深入了解的人有用。

The results of experiment show that rough sets not only are a good framework for knowledge acquirement,but also Can accurately induct the rules of plant diseases.

实验结果表明，粗糙集不仅是一个很好的知识获取的框架，而且能正确的归纳推理植物病害的规则。

A new knowledge acquirement way is presented based on the reliability data of product, then the fuzzy semantic net which consists of FEPM and fuzzy fault tree is regard as fault knowledge representation. The formalization of the fuzzy semantic net is described, and the relative concepts and relations are summarized. A stereo-knowledge representation which consisted of FFTF, rule and fuzzy neural network which make up of the shallow knowledge of the product is presented. The integrated fault diagnosis method based on the stereo-knowledge representation is suggested. The method is as follows. The fuzzy search inference is carried out on FFTF firstly. If the node being diagnosing can be decided if it failed or not in the fuzzy search inference, the rule inference to the node is carried out with the rules which being in symptom-fault way. An equivalent method, pattern recognization inference using fuzzy neural network, can fulfill the same work.

提出了以FFTF模糊语义网络为主、基于浅知识的产生式规则、模糊神经网络为辅的产品故障知识的立体知识表示方式，并提出了基于该多种知识表示的综合性故障诊断方法，即：首先对故障产品进行基于FFTF模糊语义网络的模糊搜索推理，如果在模糊搜索推理过程中不能确定当前诊断节点故障与否，则对当前诊断节点进行基于征兆-故障形式的验证式规则推理或者对包含该诊断节点的部件／子系统进行基于模糊神经网络的模式识别推理，如果在完成或者不再进行基于模糊语义网络的故障推理，仍然不能诊断出故障节点，则对基于模糊语义网络诊断过程中形成的故障诊断子图进行神经网络推理。

And an on-line adaptative training algorithm of the weights of neuron is given, which enhances fusion precision of the model, fault tolerance and adaptive ability for subsystems 4 In order to diagnose the soft fault of integrated system, a new fault detection method is proposed based on federated filter, which can detect fault of system in short interval and greatly enhance the method sensitivity to fault A fault diagnosis method of Dynamically Tuned Gyro baesd on parameter estimation of kinetics model of rotor, and signal pretreatment, parameter estimation and strategy of fault identification are studied in detail The method can locate fault of DTG correctly and effectively, which provides a new approach and idea for gyro fault diagonsis 5 In order to diagnose the hard fault of integrated system, fault tree analysis is studied on fault disgnosis of integrated system circuits, and the hardware and software of disgnosis system are developed, with faults located to main module and circuit For futhur diagnosis, an optimal measurement technology in detection of circuits is discussed by improving an algorithm based on information theory, and a pratical method based on half-split method is proposed.

针对组合系统的软故障诊断问题，提出了基于联合滤波模型的一种新的故障检测算法，给出了算法的理论推导过程，该算法能在较短的时间内检测出系统故障，提高了算法对故障的敏感度；研究了基于动调陀螺转子动力学模型参数辨识的故障诊断方法，就其中的信号预处理、参数辨识及故障决策方法等关键技术进行了详细的研究，该方法可以正确、有效地检测与定位动调陀螺故障，为陀螺故障诊断提供了新的途径和思路。 5。针对组合系统的硬故障诊断问题，研究了基于系统浅知识推理的故障树法在组合系统电路子系统故障诊断中的应用，开发了相关诊断系统的软硬件，故障可定位到系统的主要功能模块和电路板级。为了进一步的故障定位，研究了电路板故障的最优检测问题，完善了基于信息理论的优化算法，并提出了基于&对分法&的一种实用的优化算法，故障可定位到电路板的主要功能元件级。在组建的SINS/GPS组合系统实验平台上，针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究。

As a user, he or she can only choice rules for reasoning, can't add rules for reasoning If some new rules want be used for reasoning, the software developer must recode the software But it' impossible for users The thought is very fascinating that users can add some new rules for reasoning but the software doesn't need be recoded, not only for users, but also for the software developer This technology can make computers reasoning more powerfully, or reasoning more quickly by some new rules be used, and it can be adjusted for different teaching books, and it can become perfect itself.

让用户能够向软件添加自己所需要的推理规则而无须修改程序，对用户和开发者都是非常有吸引力的想法。这使得计算机能利用新规则或定理证明更多的题目或能更快的证明题目，并且能更好地适应不同特色的教学用书，从而使软件在自动解题方面能不断完善。从理论上说，由用户添加推理规则并非难题。但要想用起来方便，推理快捷，却不容易。

In degraded PSM matching classification, errors modification method of degraded PSM is presented and the matching tensor of every canonical scattering centers is given. In Chapter 4, the theory of wideband millimeter-wave radar target identification is introduced. It is indicated that, for HR radar target identification, description of temoral relations among features and pattern recogntion adaptive to variation of target angles are of key importance. A rule-based pattern recogniton method of sequential reasoning is proposed, which uses a series of rules to describe relations of features variation caused by target angles variation and has the advantages of adaption to unrandom variation and false probability control in classification over traditional statistical pattern recognitiop method. Feature extraction is crucial step in target identification. In range profiles identification application, features are extracted by means of range domain pre-processing algorithm, spacial and amplitude visual computation directly from range profiles and transform algorithm based on range profiles. Visual or transformed features are either sufficiently convinced or necessarily convinced and both of them are effective and robust to range profiles identification.

在第四章，首先对宽带毫米波体制背景下目标识别方法的一些特点进行了阐述并指出，在毫米波雷达目标识别中，特征之间动态关系的描述以及能适应目标姿态角变化的模式识别方法的研究乃是要解决的关键问题；进而提出了一种基于规则库的序贯推理模式识别新方法，在这种方法的研究中，主要包括序贯推理规则库的规则排列与特征选用顺序以及规则库的收敛等问题；这种方法克服了传统的统计模式识别方法特征利用效率不高、难以适应特征值的非随机性变化的缺点，把姿态角变化所引起的特征的变化用一系列规则加以表示，其优点是能适应特征值的非随机性动态变化，并能控制分类过程中的差错概率α；特征抽取是目标识别中的关键步骤，在基于目标距离像的特征抽取方法研究中，提出了距离空间域的预处理算法、距离空间域与幅度域的直观特征抽取方法以及基于目标距离像变换分析的特征抽取方法。

This is a power which transcends reason, and is independent of induction.

这是一种超越意识推理的力量，而且它是感应中比较独立的部分，它的个体发展的复制形式是不确定的，不过可以确定的是当灵魂从它的客观主体中释放出来的时候，它能察觉到一切事物存在的法则。

When an order is form in position machine, the needed breeds and quantity of cigarette will be established and thesequence and time of cigarette sorting in an order will be also established, so before sorting an order, the order'length can be compute, but before sorting an order, the order's space is existenced as a virtual space, thus supposed a virtual space which loaded finished cigarette and order when virtual space arrive the corresponding sorter, plc control the time parameter and activated the sorting, and the sorter sorting cigarette to virtual space, an order accomplished.

对件烟行走时间进行了建模并提出了一种烟草自动分拣算法，当订单在上位机生成后，所需烟品种及数量随之确定，因此订单中所要分拣的烟分拣的次序及分拣的时刻也就可以确定，所以在订单分拣之前，订单的长度是可以计算出来的，而在未真正分拣之前，订单的长度是一个&虚拟存在的空间&，应用逆向推理的过程可假设一个装成品烟和订单的&虚拟空间&，当&虚拟空间&到达对应的分拣机位置时，通过plc对订单中件烟时间参数的控制，分拣机自动分拣件烟至&虚拟空间&完成订单分拣，该算法实现方便并能节约大量的硬件成本，对其他一些物流分拣行业也具有一定的推广价值。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。