能成形的

Irenaeus of Lyons in the late 2nd century, claimed in his Against Heresies, We however as always, the more now as better equipped through the Paraclete, that leader into all truth, believe as these do in the only one God, yet subject to this dispensation, that the one only God has also a Son, His Word who proceeded from Himself, by Whom all things were made and without Whom nothing has been made, that this Son was sent by the Father into the virgin and was born of her, both man and God, Son of Man and Son of God and was named Jesus Christ; that He suffered, died, and was buried according to the Scriptures and having been raised up by the Father and taken back into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father, He will come to judge the quick and the dead; and that thereafter He, according to His promise, sent from the Father, the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, the sanctifier of the faith of those who believe in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

透过信仰的成形与系统化表述，产生出我们现今所知道的正统教义：相信一位神以三个位格存在──圣父、圣子和圣灵──祂们彼此同等、同永恒并且同质（希腊文为 ousia ）。耶稣不能被视为从属於圣父，像诺斯底派教导说神具有层次；耶稣也不单是另一种形态，像撒伯流派所教导的，表示神仅仅是在不同时间以不同型式存在；耶稣更不是一个神的灵降在他身上，因此他才被选上的人，像亚流所主张的那样，生是一种创造性行为，所以基督事实上是有起源的。头四次教会古代会议决议应当要来肯定只有一位神，但是存在於三个位格：圣父、圣子和圣灵。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。