胸骨

ABSTRACT］ Objective: To investigate the methods with a fascial flap of the strap muscles in reconstruction for hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

目的：探讨胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣在下咽癌术后修复中的应用。

Methods Measurements were made in a group of 45 women volunteers aged from 22 to 45 years, who were satisfied with their breasts without any history of breast surgery. After the lateral arch of the breast as the reference value for breast size being chosen, breast-areola to nipple ratio was determined according to parameters measured as follows: weight, height, diameter of the breast, areola, and nipple, distances between the nipple and borders of the breast-superior, medial arch (to the medial end of the inframammary crease), lateral arch (to the lateral end of the inframammary crease), inferior arch (to the lowest point of the inframammary crease).

方法对45例22~45岁、对自己乳房满意且无乳房手术史的女性志愿者，分别测量体重、身高、乳头直径、乳晕直径、胸乳线(乳头至胸骨切迹连线距离)、乳房内侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞内侧止点连线距离)、乳房外侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞外侧止点连线距离)、乳房下半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞最低点连线距离)。

Subclavian vein: injury to subclavian A, innominate artery, may need median sternotomy to fix it.

经锁骨下静脉中心静脉置管：可能会误伤锁骨下动脉、无名动脉，严重时可能需要行正中胸骨切开术来修补。

Methods: Two hundred and forty-seven patients with head and neck lesions were operated on from 1983 to 2001. The surgical procedure was decided on the pathologic conditions. The surgical defects were repaired by pectoralis major myocutanous flap or combined with delto-ectopectoralis flap, split skin flap, laryngotracheal flap, tongue flap, stomach flap, sternohyoid myofascial flap, sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap, epiglottis flap.

1983至2001年手术治疗了247例头颈部肿瘤患者，用胸大肌肌皮瓣或联合其他组织瓣如胸三角皮瓣、裂层皮片、喉气管瓣、舌根瓣、胃瓣、胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、胸锁乳突肌骨膜瓣、会厌瓣等对术中组织缺损进行了整复。

By the anatomy of the six chickens, the majority of liver, spleen and other organs significantly enlarged were found, and some could see the surface of gray nodules of various sizes, a common feature of lesions in the sternum with the face, ribs, etc appeared Soy bean to Vicia bean size white tumor-like nodules, suspected Avian Leukosis Virus-J Subgroup.

经对6只病鸡解剖发现，大多数肝、脾等内脏器官明显肿大，有的表面可见大小不一的灰白色结节，共同的特征病变是在胸骨内面、肋骨等处出现黄豆至蚕豆大小的白色肿瘤样结节，疑似禽J-亚群白血病。

Not only ALL clinical features, such as lymphadenectasis, splenomegaly, chest bone tenderness, higher proportion of immature lymphoblasts of bone marrow cells, but also typical clinical manifestations of HES, such as erythematous skin rash, thrombosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, were all observed.

除具有浅表淋巴结和脾脏肿大、胸骨压痛及骨髓原始幼稚淋巴细胞比例增高的ALL临床特点外，还具红斑性皮疹、血栓形成和心肌内膜纤维化典型HES的临床表现。

If necessary, partial manubrial resection preserving the sternoclavicular joints was performed to extend the exposure.

假如需要，可行保留胸锁关节的部分胸骨柄切除来扩大暴露范围。

The typical cardiac arrest manifesting suddenly performance for retrosternal squeezing or the compactness ache,inspection diagnosis and so on union electrocardiogram is not difficult.But the nontypical angina pectoris patient delays the diagnosis nonto be also rare.

典型心肌梗死发作者表现为胸骨后压榨性或紧缩性疼痛，结合心电图等检查诊断并不困难，但非典型心绞痛患者延误诊断亦非罕见。

Imaging findings included local destruction of bone in 64 cases (osteolytic destruction in 48 cases 、osteogenic destruction in 12 cases and mixed destruction in 4 cases)bony prominence 1 casessoft tissue mass in 30 cases.

胸骨肿瘤影像学表现为局部骨质破坏64例（溶骨性48倒、成骨性12例及混合性4例）、骨性突起1倒、软组织肿块30例。

Palpate for tenderness at the sternoclavicular joint, the acromioclavicular joint, the subacromial area...

对于胸骨锁骨处的关节，肩峰处的关节以及肩背处的关节这样敏感的部位要用触诊的方法进行检查。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。