胸膜

Microscopically, the fibrous pleural plaque is composed of dense layers of collagen.

显微镜下可见胸膜的纤维化是由胶原质所构成的致密层。

METHODS: Using thoracic computed tomography scans of 100 adults,we measured the distance from skin surface to pleura and tointrathoracic structures at the level of the sternal angle atthe midhemithoracic line, and at the level of the xiphoidprocess at the anterior axillary and midaxillary lines, as wellas the distance from the sternal midline to internal mammaryvessels.

通过对100位成年人进行胸部 CT 扫描，我们测量出胸半中线上胸骨角平面及腋前线和腋中线上剑突平面上皮肤表面至胸膜和胸腔内结构的距离及胸骨中线至内乳血管的距离。

Objective To study the efficacy of ultrasound-guided drainage and urokinase injection to the pleural cavity in treatment of multilocular encircled pleural effusion.

目的研究胸腔内注射尿激酶对胸膜增厚程度不同的多房性、包裹性胸膜炎的治疗效果。

Histomorphometric studies were done to measure the following indexes: the IOD values of pulmonary, skeletal muscular and pleural small vascular walls from staining of AT1 and AT2 receptors, the pulmonary vascular density, muscularization of the nonmuscular vessels, percent wall thickness and proliferation of pulmonary small vascular walls.

结果：先心病患儿肺小血管壁AT1、AT2受体染色的IOD值均高于对照组(P=0.000)；先心病患儿骨骼肌和胸膜小血管壁AT1、AT2受体染色的IOD值均高于肺小血管(P＜0.05)；先心病患儿肺小血管壁AT1受体染色的IOD值与肺血管密度、非肌性肺血管肌化程度、肺小血管壁厚百分比和肺小血管壁细胞的增殖度相关(r分别为-0.783、0.742、0.521、0.657)，AT2受体仅与肺血管密度和血管壁厚百分比相关(r分别为-0.487、0.516)。

Nonspecificity of cause of clinical misdiagnosis.

老年SLE肺、胸膜损害较多见，胸片改变的非特异性是临床误诊的重要原因。

A large pleural effusion may opacify the entire hemithorax, creating a mass effect and collapsing the lung with contralaterlal shifting of the mediastinum.

大胸膜流出也许opacify整个hemithorax，造成许多影响和崩溃肺与纵隔的contralaterlal转移。

Distant metastases to the lungs (n=4), pleura (n=2), brain (n=3), and peritoneum (n=1), and paraaortic, paratracheal, and mediastinal LNs (n=2) were observed. Six of 9 patients (66%) died from tumor dissemination, all with a median overall survival of 4.3 years (range: 1 to 9 y).

此外，远处转移情况如下：肺（4例），胸膜（2例），脑（3例），腹膜（1例），主动脉旁、气管旁和纵膈淋巴结（2例）。6例（66%）死于肿瘤播散，其总体中位生存时间为4.3年（范围：1至9年）。

These clinical data suggest that any manifestations similiar to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis complicated with pleural effusion and paratracheal lymphadenopathy should be further differentiated from PLC by HRCT and pleural-lung tissue biopsy.

对双肺呈类间质纤维化改变，同时合并胸腔积液和纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者，应进一步行高分辨CT及胸膜肺组织病理活检，以期排除PLC之诊断。

Results showed that the CT expressions as:① 3 big cavity and peripheral pleated shadow;②60 parenchymatous degeneration of pulmonary segments in lobes of lung, atele...

表明原发性肺癌不典型CT表现与肺癌的类型有关；与肺癌本身的生长方式有关；与合并结核病有关；与肺癌的恶性程度及胸膜胸壁转移有关。

Many other diseases – APP,Strep, pasteurella, Mycoplasma, Swine Influenza

其它各种疾病-放线杆菌胸膜肺炎，链球菌感染，支原体病，猪流感等

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。