胸膜

Successful tracheal intubation wasverified using the following criteria: 1 identification ofthe trachea and tracheal rings, 2 visualization of vocal cords,3 widening of glottis as the tracheal tube passes through,and 4 tracheal tube position above carina and demonstrationof movement of the chest wall visceroparietal pleural interface(i.e., sliding sign) after manual ventilation of the lungs.

成功的气管插管通过如下的标准证实：1）辨别气管和气管环，2）可见到声带，3）当气管导管置入时声门变宽，4）隆突上气管导管的位置以及手控通气时胸壁内脏壁胸膜界面的运动。

There were high density images shaped as rope and slip in lungs of model control group rats and the pleura near the images were a little thickening. In MTX treated group, there were high density images shaped as slice along pulmonary veins. The veins of the blood vessels were obscure and the edges were unclear. In TPT treated group,there were multiple high density images shaped as tubercle and slice and the boundary were not clear. In XFC treated group, the lungs' outlines were clear and the veins were welldistributed. High density images shaped as spot were found in part lungs.

结果：HRCT表现为模型对照组大鼠肺轮廓欠清晰，肺部血管影扩张，边缘模糊且不规则，两肺有索条状密度增高影，邻近胸膜轻度肥厚；甲氨喋呤组大鼠肺部可见沿着肺纹理分布的斑片状密度增高影，肺血管纹理模糊，边缘不清楚；雷公藤多苷片组大鼠两肺可见多发性结节状及斑片状密度增高影，境界欠清晰；新风胶囊组大鼠肺轮廓清晰，肺纹理分布均匀，部分肺组织显示斑点状密度增高影。

Results:① Thin-slice reconstruction, MPR and VR provided higher detecting rate of small peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinonia signs than conventional axial images, including lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation and bronchovascular convergence;② MPR and VR was superior to axial thin-slice reconstruction in judging the presence of the vacuolar sign, air-bronchogram and bronchovascular convergence.

结果：①64层CT薄层重建、MPR及VR在显示肺小腺癌的分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征及支气管血管集束征方面优于常规横断面；②MPR及VR对于空泡征、支气管气相和支气管血管集束征的判别有优势。

Results CT scan directly showed that the main signs of peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma were deep lobulation sign,spiculation sign,spiculate protu-berance sign,vacuole sign or air bronchogram,pleural identation sign,vessel convergence sign,mediastinal lymph node enlargement and metastasis into distant organs.

结果 CT扫描直接显示，51例周围型肺腺癌主要CT征象是分叶征，毛刺征，棘突征，空泡征或空气支气管征，胸膜凹陷征，血管集束征等。

The results showed that a large amount of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with gram negative infections could be seen in the secretion of bronchus; There were congestion in liver, necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis with neutrophils and macrophage infiltrating in lung tissue, necrotic splenitis in spleen, and hemorrhagic lymphadenitis in lymph node.

结果表明；在支气管分泌物涂片中含有大量呈革兰氏阴性的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌；肝脏淤血，肺组织坏死、出血、显著纤维化及嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞浸润；脾脏呈坏死性脾炎变化，淋巴结呈出血性淋巴结炎变化。

To date, the most important application of MRI is in the evaluation of chest wall invasion due to lung cancer, especially in patients with superior sulcus tumors.

尽管如此，本研究所示在T2WI及增强T1WI上病变高信号对恶性胸膜病变诊断的敏感度和特异度均低于既往文献的数据。

Thoracic closed drainage, pleuroclysis, gluing through fibrobronchoscopy, fistula mending plus tissue embedding, pleura plus remaining-pulmonary resection or thoracoplasty.

病人分别采取胸腔闭式引流、胸腔冲洗、经纤维支气管镜生物胶封堵、瘘口修补加组织包埋、胸膜余肺切除、胸廓成形术等方法治疗。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of interpleural analgesia for pain control after posteroloateral thoracotomy.

目的 通过观察胸膜腔止痛法对后外侧开胸手术后疼痛的疗效，确定此方法的有效性。

Rheumatoid nodules may also appear viscerally, such as on the pleura of the lung.

类风湿结切也可见于内脏，如肺胸膜上。

Results: In 8 patients, the tumor was removed by abdominal median incision and 7 by abdominal right L-shape incision, 5 by left dorsolumbar flap incision, 3 by left abdominothoracic incision, 12 by intercostal incision 8 at 10th rib and 4 at 11th rib.

结果：行腹部正中切口8例，腹部右侧L形切口7例；左侧腹部胸膜外胸腹联合切口5例，左侧胸腹联合切口3例；肋间切口12例，其中第10肋间切口8例，11肋间切口4例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。