胸腺

Between P14 and P21,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the brain,heart and liverbecame much lower. However,between P21 and P28,CIAPIN1 immunoreactionin the heart,brain,liver and skeletal muscle became much lower,while with thekidney development,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the kidney became higher. Invarious tissues from adult mouse,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction could be seen incardiac muscle cell,brain,hepatocyte,epithelium of renal tubule,skeletal muscle,lung tissue,gastric mucosa and gland,acinus lienalis.2. Distribution of CIAPIN1 in normal fetal and adult human tissuesTo reveal the possible physiological role of CIAPIN1,we examined theexpression and distribution of CIAPIN1 in fetal and adult human tissues usingimmunohistochemistry. We found that CIAPIN1 was ubiquitously distributed infetal and adult tissues,and was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

然而，在3个月大的成年鼠中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物在心、脑、肝和肾小管中的表达强度要低于P28小鼠；但CIAPIN1阳性反应物在成年鼠骨骼肌中较P28小鼠高。2、CIAPIN1蛋白在人5个月胚胎及成人多器官组织内的表达在人5月胚胎多器官组织中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物见于心脏、胆囊单层柱状上皮和粘膜、结肠粘膜、小肠粘膜和绒毛、肝脏、直肠腺体、胃粘膜、肾上腺束状带、甲状腺滤泡、脾索、胸腺小叶间隔、皮肤真皮层和汗腺、睾丸白膜和间质、脑组织内神经元和神经胶质、肺小支气管和肺泡、骨骼肌、肾脏皮髓质和肾小管、子宫内膜、胰腺腺泡和胰岛、卵巢、输卵管粘膜等绝大多数组织细胞。

The basic concept is that the DNA bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, could be distinguished in terms of their conductivity properties.

那个 基本概念是，DNA碱基，腺嘌呤，胞嘧啶，鸟嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶的，可区分的条件它们的导电性能。

Results: 1. The value of all experimental indexes decreased significantly after heat stress, and reached the lowest at the time 2-8 hours after heat stress. This indicates that the immunity of the mice is damaged to the largest extent at 2-8 hours after heat stress. 2. L-arginine supplementation with appropriate dose could remit the acute atrophying of thymus and spleen tissue caused by heat stress. 3. After L-arginine supplementation with appropriate dose, the lymphocyte proliferation, the level of concentration of IL-2 and * expression of IL-2R raised in the group with room temperature; in the heat stress group the level of three indexs decrease significantly. Furthermore, the decrease of the group given 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine is the smallest. This result indicates that the concentration of 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine supplementation could remit the depressment of the immunity caused by heat stress. 4. The [Ca2~] in activated thymocytes of the group with L-arginine -2- supplementation is significantly higher than that of the group with water supplementation. This indicates that L-arginine supplementation could protect thymoeytes of mouse under heat stress. We also found that the fluorescence intensity of [Ca2~] in activated thymocytes of the group given 1 .Smglg.bw L-arginine is the highest.

结果：1、热应激后小鼠的各项免疫指标均有显著性下降，其中在2.8小时降到最低，提示在这个时间段小鼠的免疫功能受到最大损害；2、适量补充精氨酸有助于缓解热应激导致小鼠胸腺和脾脏的急性萎缩；3、常温组，补充适量精氨酸后小鼠淋巴细胞增殖活性、IL-2的浓度及IL-2R的表达均有显著性上升，而热应激后三指标均显著降低，其中在精氨酸给予浓度为1.5mg/g.bw时三指标的降低程度最少，提示该浓度可最大程度缓解热应激对小鼠免疫功能的抑制；4、补充精氨酸组的活化胸腺细胞［Ca~(2+)］较给水组有显著性上升，说明精氨酸对热应激小鼠胸腺细胞具有保护作用，并发现在精氨酸给予浓度为1.5mg/g.bw时活化胸腺细胞的胞浆钙离子荧光强度达到最大；5、热应激后小鼠血清NO的浓度均有不同程度的上升，补充精氨酸后血清NO上升更加明显，但并非随精氨酸给予浓度的增加而增加。

The group of mixture dieted albumin polypeptide with 3H-TdR was compared with the groupdieted only 3H-TdR in mice.

应用同位素示踪法对小鼠小肠、肝及胸腺等组织的3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)放射性值进行检测，比较了白蛋白多肽和3H-TdR混合物进食组小鼠与仅进食3H-TdR组小鼠间的区别。

Thymus Ghrelin positive cells in the developmental expression of: January, 3-month-old mice Ghrelin positive cells in the thymus, coloring deep level, with age Ghrelin decrease in the number of positive cells, coloring degree shallowing.

小鼠胸腺中Ghrelin阳性细胞的发育性表达规律：1月、3月龄小鼠胸腺中Ghrelin阳性细胞多，着色程度深，随年龄增长Ghrelin阳性细胞数量减少，着色程度变浅。

Results:The average length,width and thickness of the left lobes of thymuses were 60.7 mm,16.7 mm and 5.5 mm respectively,and those of the right lobes were 80.3 mm,18.3 mm and 4.9 mm respectively.

结果：胸腺左叶和右叶长、宽、厚度分别为：60.7、16.7、5.5 mm和80.3、18.6、4.9 mm，胸腺上极伸至颈部的占93%(14例)，左叶上极伸至颈部的长为29.5 mm；右叶长度为25.1 mm。

Total RNA was extracted from SHR and WKY thymuses respectively.18S and 28S was used as control to equalize the loading quantity of total RNA.

经Northern杂交证实，该基因在WKY大鼠胸腺中表达明显较多，而在SHR胸腺中表达不同程度地降低，如Fig 4所示。

With the methods of Reverse transcription-PCR and cDNA sequencing, the expression of FHIT gene was detected in radiation carcinogenesis. The results show that: 1, The FHIT gene's sequence in normal BALB/c mice compare with the sequence of mice in Ge neBank which absents exon 3, but the function of FHIT protien doesn't alter.

结果发现：1、正常BALB／c 小鼠的FHIT基因序列同GeneBank中小鼠的FHIT基因序列比较缺少了外显子 3，但其表达的蛋白功能并未发生改变；2、FHIT基因在辐射损伤与辐射致癌的早期过程中，对照组血液、胸腺及骨髓均未出现异常的FHIT转录本的表达，不同剂量照射组中血液、胸腺及骨髓均有部分样品出现分子量较小的异常FHIT 转录本的表达。

All those results show: Long time aerobic training could decrease level of gene expression of some cytokines and activity of the old rats' hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-thymus axises while increase capability of immune and modulate GR in thymus cell.

以上试验结果显示，运动训练可减少衰老机体脑组织中IL-1、IL-6的基因表达水平，降低下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴-胸腺轴的活性，增加老年机体免疫功能，同时也调节随增龄而变化的胸腺糖皮质激素受体。

The first functional lymphoid organ was head kidney, different from that of other marine teleosts: thymus was the first lymphoid organ normally.

孵化后即出现肾脏原基，8日龄和12日龄分别出现脾脏和胸腺原基；而免疫器官淋巴化的先后顺序较为特殊，首先淋巴化的器官是头肾，其次为胸腺和脾脏，不同于大多数海水鱼类。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。